APPENDIX 2

CHARACTERISTICS OFCOMMON ORE MINERALS

TABLE A2.! The Common Ore Minerals in Order oflncreasing Mininum Reflectance(in Air) at 546 nm

Mineral R% Mineral R%

Reflectance Between 1 and 10%

GraphiteCovelliteCoffinite

6.2-26.46.6-23 .77.9- 8.0

ChalcophaniteScheelite

9.1-27 .09.8-10.2

Reflectance Between 10 and 20%

G raphiteCo velliteChalcophaniteScheeliteValleriiteCassiteriteZinciteLepidocrociteChromiteUraniniteManganiteBrannerite

6.2- 26.46.6-23 .79.1-27 .09.8-10.1

10.3-20.510.7-1 2.211.1-11.311.6-18.413.513.614.1-20.515.0-15.1

PsilomelaneWolframite groupColumbite-tantaliteUlvospinelGoethiteHausmanniteIlmeniteSphaleriteBrauniteMolybdeniteMagnetite

-1 5-3015.2-16.315.3-17.415.515.5-17.516.3-20.216.4-19.216.618.9-19.919.5-38.519.9

G raphiteCo vellite

Reflectance Between 20 and 30%

6.2-26.4 Alabandite6.6-23.7 Orpiment

22.823.0- 27.5

405

TABLE A2.1 (Continued)

Mineral R% Mineral R%

Reflectance Between 20 and 30%(Continued)

ChalcophaniteValleriiteManganitePsilomelaneMackinawiteHausmanniteDelafossiteMolybdeniteRutileTenoriteJacobsiteBorniteDigeniteRealgarBixbyite

9.1-27.010.3-20.514.1-20.5-15-3016.2-40.416.3-20.218.4-22.119.5-38.519.7-23.120.4-27.521.121.721.922. 122.2

FamatiniteEnargiteProustiteMaghemiteCinnabarStanniteHematiteC -prite~ ,tromeyerite

MawsoniteIdaiteStephanitePyrargyritePyrolusiteFreibergite

24 -27.424.2-25.224.2-27.724.424.7-29.726.0-27.326.4-29.926.626.6-30.926.9-29.727 -33 .628.1-30.428.5-30.329.0-40.033.0

Reflectance Between 30 and 40%

MackinawiteMolybdeniteStephanitePyrargyritePyrolusitePearciteTennantiteBerthieritePolybasiteNickeloan pyrite

"bravoite'Acanth ite

16.2-40.419.5-38.528.1-30.428.5-30.329.0-40.029.1-32.230.130.3-42.330.7-32.5-31-54

31.0

StibniteMiargyriteTetrahedriteCh alcociteCubanitePyrrhotiteJamesoniteBismuthiniteBoulangeriteChalcostibiteBreithauptite

31.1-48.131.6-34.532.533.2-33.435.4-39.436.3-43.436.4-44.237.1-49.037.4-41.837.8-43.737.8-48.0

MackinawitePyrolusiteBerthieriteBravoiteStibnitePyrrhotiteJamesoniteBismuthiniteBoulangeriteChalcostibiteBreithauptiteCosalite

406

Reflectance Between 40 and 50%

16.2-40.4 Carrollite29.0-40.0 Galena30.3-42.3 Chalcopyrite-31-54 Kobellite31.1-48.1 Violarite36.3-43.4 Nickeline36.4-44.2 Pentlandite37.1-49.0 Siegenite37.4-41.8 Ullmannite37.8-43.7 Maucherite37.8-48.0 Marcasite41.4-45.7 Linnaeite

42.942.944.6-45.044.8-47.245.346.1-51.446.546.747.348.4-49.649.1-56.249.5

TABLE A2.! (Continued)

Mineral R% Mineral R%

46.1-5 \.449.1-56.250.0-50.650.2-56.650.651.7-55 .751.751.8-52.2

Nickeloan pyrite"bravoite"

NickelineMarcasiteGlaucodotMilleriteCobaltiteArsenicPyriteArsenopyrite

Reflectance Between 50 and 60%

~31-54 SylvaniteLo llingiteSaflloriteG ersdorffiteTetradymiteSkutteruditeRammelsbergiteIronPararammelsbergiteBismuth

Reflectance Over 60%

52.5-63 .053.4- 55.554.1-54.654.754.8-60.555.256.8-60.958.158.9-59.759.8-67 .2

SylvaniteTetr adymiteRammelsbergiteBismuthDyscrasiteCopper

52.5-63.054.8- 60.556.8-60.059.8-67. 260.1-62.864.6

PlatinumAllargentumAntimonyGoldSilver

69.7~70

74.4-77.977.093.3

TABLE A2.2 Examples of Common Ore Minerals Arranged in O rder of Increas ingMinimum Vickers Microhard ness (at IOOg Load)

Mineral VHN Mineral VHN

VHNfrom I to 100

Mol ybdenite 8-100 lamesonite 66- 86Graphite 12-16 Proustite 70-105Bismuth 16-18 Arsenic 72-1 73Orpiment 22-58 Cosalite 74-161Acanthite 23-26 Mackinawite ~74-181

Tetradymite 25-76 Copper 79-99Stphanite 26-124 Cinnabar 82- 156Stromeyerite 30-32 Chalcocite 84-87Stibnite 42-153 Digenite 86-106Re algar 47-60 (00 1 section)Antimony 50-69 Bornite 87- 100Gold 53-58 Miargyrite 88- 130G alena 59-65 Boul angerite 92-1 25Silver 60-65

407

TABLE A2.2 (Continued)

Mineral VHN Mineral VHN

VHN from 101 to 200

Stephanite 26-124 Sp halerite 138-160Stibnite 42-153 Stannite 140-326Proustite 70-105 Pyrolusite 146-243Arse nic 72-173 Dyscrasite 153-179Cosalite 74-161 Sylvanite 154-172Mackinawite -74-181 Mawsonite 166-210Cinnabar 82-156 Berthierite 168- 228Digenite 86-106 Idaite 176-260Miargyrite 88- 130 Pearcite 180-192Bou langerite 92- 125 Chalcopyrite 181-203Kobellite ioo-u: Chalcophanite 188-253Pyrargyrite 107-144 Tenorite 190-300Iron 110-117 Millerite 192-376Bismuthinite llO-I36 Cuprite 193-207Covellite 128-138

VHN from 201 to 300

Stannite 140-326 Coffinite 230-302Pyrolusite 146-243 Pyrrhotite 230-409Mawsonite 166-210 Alabandite 240-251Berthierite 168-228 Columbite-tantalite 240-1.021Idaite 176-260 Violarite 241-373Chalcopyrite 181-203 Cubanite 247-287Chalcophanite 188-253 Freibergite 263-340Tenorite 190-300 Pentlandite 268-285Mi llerite 192-376 Chalcostibite 283-309Cuprite 193-207 Enargite 285-327Psilomelane 203-813 Ten nantite 294-380Zi ncite 205-221 Platinum 297-339Famatinite 205-397

VHN from 301 to 400

Stannite 140- 326 Chalcostibite 283-309Millerite 192-376 Enargite 285-327Psilomelane 203-813 Tennantite 294-380Famatinite 205-397 Platinum 297-339Coffinite 230-302 Tetrahedrite 312-351Pyrrhotite 230-409 Wolframite group 319-390Columbite-tantalite 240-1.021 Niccolite 363-372Violarite 241-373 Scheelite 383-464Freibergite 263-340

408

TABLE A2.2 (Continued)

Mineral VHN Mineral VHN

VHNfrom 401 to 500

Psilomelane 203-813 Delafossite 412-488Pyrrhotite 230-409 Breithauptite 412-584Columbite-tantalite 240-1,021 Hausmannite 437-572Scheelite 383-464 Linnaeite 450-613Lepidocrocite 402(av.) Uraninite 499-548Maghemite 412(av .)

VHN from 501 to 600

Psilomelane 203-813 Siegenite 503-525Columbite-tantalite 240-1 ,021 Carrollite 507-586Breithauptite 412-584 Ilmenite 566-698Hausmannite 437-572 Ullmannite 592-627Linnaeite 450-613 Rammelsbergite 630-758Uraninite 499-548

VHNfrom 601 to 700

Psilomelane 203-8 13 Manganite 630-743Columbite-tantalite 240-1 .021 Rammelsbergite 630-758Linnaeite 450-613 Goethite 667 (av.)Ilmenite 566-698 Nickeloan pyrite 668-1,535Ullmanite 592-627 ("bravoite")Skutterudite 606-824 Pa raram melsbergite 681-830Maucherite 623-724 Brannerite 690 (av .)

VHNfrom 701 to 800

Psilomelane 203-813 Nickeloan pyrite 668-1,535Co lumbite-tantalite 240-1.021 ("bravoite")Skutterudite 606-824 Pararammelsbergite 681-830Maucherite 623-724 Arsenopyrite 715-1,354Manganite 630-743 lacobsite 720-813Rammelsbergite 630-758 Safflorite 792-882

VHN from 801 to 900

Psilomelane 203-813 Parara mmelsbergi te 681-830Columbite-tantalite 240-1,021 Arsenopyrite 715-1,354Skutterudite 606-824 Safflorite 792-882Rammelsbergite 630-758 Gersdorffite 844-935Nickeloan pyrite 668- 1.535 Lollingite 859-920

("bravoite") Rutile 894-974

409

TABLE A2.2 (Continued)

M in eral VH N Mineral VHN

715- 1.534844-935894-974920- I.I96935- I.I31

Co lu mbite-tantal iteN ickel oan pyrit e

Cb ravoi te")Arseno pyr iteG ersdorffiteRutileBraunit eCo ba lti te

410

VHN fro m 90/ to / .000

240- 1.02 1 Bixby ite668- 1.535 Hematite

Gl au codotCassite riteChromiteMarcasitePyri te

946- 1.4021.000-1.1001.097- I.I 15I.I 68-1,3 321.278-1.4561.288-1.68 11.505-1.620