Characteristics include:

Scenes of daily leisurely activities

Loose brushstrokes

Pastel colors (with blues and violets replacing blacks and browns)

Lack of a structured composition (as compared to a triangular Renaissance layout)

Natural lighting

Impressionism

The Impressionists

Edouard ManetFather of Impressionism – joined the group in 1873, but never stopped using black

Claude Monet‘Impression: Sunrise”, most committed Impressionist painter, repeatedly painted objects over and over to observe how light affects color

Pierre-Auguste RenoirRosy-cheeked people in social settings

Mary CassattAmerica-born, known for women & children in natural domestic settings, eventually influenced by Ukiyo-e Japanese prints

Edgar DegasDiagonal compositons, skilled at drawing, pastel, sculpture & painting, Teacher of Cassatt, Racehorses, Bathers & Ballerinas

The Post-Impressionists

Post-Impressionism is a whole a term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1914, to describe the development of European art since Monet.

It’s roughly the period between 1886 and 1892 to describe the artistic movements based on or derived from Impressionism. The term is now taken to mean those artists who followed the Impressionists and to some extent rejected their ideas.

Generally, they considered Impressionism too casual or too naturalistic, and sought a means of exploring emotion in paint.

The Post-ImpressionistsHenri de Toulouse-Lautrec

Disabled poster artist known as one of the first Graphic Designers

Paul CezanneLarge block-like brushstrokes; Still lifes, Landscapes

Vincent Van GoghDistrurbed painter of loose brushstrokes and bright, vivid colors

George SeuratFounder of Pointillism; Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande

Jatte

Paul GauguinRejected Urban Life and choose secondary-colored Tahitian women

MODERNISMModernism allowed artists to assert their freedom to create in a new style and provide them with a mission to define the meaning of their times..

Early 20th Century Art was influenced by…• the beginning of the atomic age• existentialism (Nietzsche)- “God is Dead”• the invention of psychoanalysis • Freud-inner drives control human behavior • Jung-collective unconscious• The Russian Revolution• The Great War (humanity’s inhumanity)• The Great Global Depression• the rise of the “Avant Garde”

Sum up the early 1900s with the three types:

THE EXPRESSIVE (color)

THE ABSTRACT (shape)

THE WEIRD (form & fantasy)

Fauvism

Die Brucke

Der Blaue Reiter

Cubism

Futurism

Art Deco

Dada

Surrealism

ExpressionismThe use of uncharacteristic colors chosen by the artist… to release of the artist’s inner vision to evoke feelings from the viewer

Fauvism: Matisse

Die Brucke: Kollwitz and Kirschner

Der Blaue Reiter: Vassily Kandinsky

Early 20th Century styles based on SHAPE and FORM:

Cubism: Picasso

Futurism: Umberto Boccioni

Art Deco: Willem Van Allen

to show the ‘concept’ of an object rather than creating a detail of the real thing

to show different views of an object at once, emphasizing time, space & the Machine age

to simplify objects to their most basic, primitive terms

DADA: Duchamp

Started as a reaction to the horrors of WWI and Nihilism

Began independently in Zurich and NY

French for “hobbyhorse”, but the word itself had no meaning

Believed that reason and logic had been responsible for war

Only hope was anarchy, irrationality, and intuition

Pessimism and disgust of the artists helped them reject tradition-

Arp pioneered the use of chance in artwork- releassed him from the role of artist

For Dadaists, the idea of chance comes from the unconsciousness- influenced by Freud

SURREALISM:Magritte, Dali, Miro, KleeMost Dada artists joined the Surrealist movement as well

Included many similar ideas -used Dada techniques to “release the unconscious”

Exploration of ways to express in art the world of dreams and the unconscious

Inspired by Freud and Jung - interested in the nature of dreams

In dreams, people moved beyond the constraints of society

Artists’ role: to bring inner and outer reality together

Abstract Expressionism

The first truly American visual art form that helped put New York as a cultural

capital (perhaps even above Paris).

Drawing from Surrealism, they developed the NEW YORK SCHOOL,

which comprised action painting, Jazz, abstract expressionism and

improvisional theatre.

This period of art was special because it was the first to recognize art with NO

identifiable subject matter!

Jackson Pollock,No. 5, 1948, 1948.

Two Main Categories for Abstract Expressionism:

Action Painting:Jackson Pollock

Willem de Kooning

Color-Field Painting:Mark Rothko

Post-Painterly Abstraction: Helen Frankenthaler

Featuring the work of:

Jasper Johns

Robert Rauschenberg

ROY LICHTENSTEIN

ANDY WARHOL

CLAES OLDENBURG

Abstract ExpressionismFocused on elements rather

than objects

Pop ArtFocused on

recognizable objects

Pop Art was originally a U.S. and British movement in the 1950s and 60s to react

against Abstract Expressionism

Other Pop Art Influences

Fast Food restaurants in the 1950’s turned

sandwiches into a mass-produced item

Television and Commercials made

ordinary objects seem extraordinary!

…Pop Art thus creates the beginnings of POSTMODERNISM

Jasper JohnsKnown for assemblage

(‘Junk’) Sculpture

Considered himself a ‘Neo-Dadaist’ more than a Pop

Artist

Jasper Johns, Target With Four

Faces, 1955.

Jasper Johns, Flag, 1954-55. POP ART

Jasper Johns, Detail of Flag, 1954-55. POP ART

Jasper Johns, Painted Bronze, 1960. POP ART

Jasper Johns, White Flag, 1955. POP ART

Jasper Johns, Map, 1963. POP ART

Robert RauschenbergNew little about art until he visited an art museum while his was serving in the Navy

during WWII.

Right after WWII he went to an art institute.

Robert Rauschenberg, Untitled, 1954.

Robert Rauschenberg, Canyon, 1959.

Robert Rauschenberg, Monogram, 1955.

Andy Warhol(1928-1987)

Commercial artist who became known for his

silkscreens of celebrities and everyday objects

Andy Warhol,Campbell’s Soup

Can, 1967.

POP ART

What's great about this country is that America started the tradition where

the richest consumers buy essentially the same things as the poorest. You

can be watching TV and see Coca Cola, and you know that the President

drinks Coca Cola, Liz Taylor drinks Coca Cola, and just think, you can

drink Coca Cola, too. A coke is a coke and no amount of money can get you a better coke than the one the bum on the corner is drinking. All the cokes are the same and all the cokes are

good. Liz Taylor knows it, the President knows it, the bum knows it,

and you know it.

The Philosophy of Andy Warhol: (From A to B and Back Again), 1975

Andy Warhol,

Pete Rose, 1985.

Andy Warhol,

Pete Rose, 1985.

POP ART

When you see something

gruesome over and over, it

tends to lose its effect.

Andy Warhol

Andy Warhol,

16 Jackies, 1964.

Andy Warhol,Self Portrait,

1964.

POP ART

Andy Warhol,Green Marilyn,

1962.

POP ART

Andy Warhol,Mick Jagger,

1975.

POP ART

Roy Lichtenstein(1923-1997)

Created art with a COMIC-BOOK style

Colors are basic, black-outlined

Skin colors created with BENDAY DOTS…

Just like theCOMIC BOOKS!

Roy Lichtenstein, Temple of Apollo, 1964. POP ART

Roy Lichtenstein, Bedroom at Arles, 1992. Screenprint. POP ART

Roy Lichtenstein Vincent Van Gogh

Roy Lichtenstein, Go For Baroque, 1969. POP ART

Roy LichtensteinCubist Still Life with Playing Cards, 1974.

POP ART

Roy Lichtenstein, House I, 1996. POP ART

Roy Lichtenstein, BMW 320i, 1977. POP ART

Roy Lichtenstein, Modern Room, 1991. POP ART

Claes Oldenburg(1929-)

Known for creating large-scale versions of recognizable objects

Claes OldenburgSoftlight Switches,

1963-69.

POP ART

Claes Oldenburg, Giant Hamburger, 1962. POP ART

Claes Oldenburg, Floor Cake, 1962. POP ART

Claes Oldenburg,Clothespin, 1976.

POP ART

Factors to consider:

Gravity

Elements

Environment

Audience

Physical Touch by People

Claes Oldenburg, Spoonbridge and Cherry, 1985-1988. POP ART

Claes Oldenburg,Corridor Pin, Blue, 1999.

POP ART

Claes Oldenburg, Flying Pins, 2000. POP ART