CHAPTERR-17. Computer Abbreviation

7/25/2019 CHAPTERR-17. Computer Abbreviation

1/27

Extension and Abbreviation

What are fle extensions?

A fle extension, or fle name extension, is the letters immediatelyshown ater the last period in a fle name. For example, the fle

extension.txt has an extension o .txt. This extension allows the

operating system to know what type o fle it is and what program

to run when you double-click on it. There are no particular rules

regarding how an extension should be ormatted other than it

must begin with a period and have at least one character ater it.

For the most part, fle extensions consist o three characters,

which are typically letters or digits, that textually represent thetype o fle it is. ome examples o fle extensions include .txt,

.mp!, ."pg, and .g#, which represent text fles, mp! fles, "peg

image fles, and fles compressed with the g#ip program. As you

can see, the actual extension name gives clues as to the type o

fle it is.

Common File Extensions

$elow are a list o common fle extensions that you may fnd onyour computer or over the %nternet.

Audio Extensions

&xtensi

on'escription

.ai

A Audio %nterchange File is an audio fle

ormat that is most commonly used on

Apple (acintosh computer systems.

.m!u (!) fles are used to store multimedia


2/27

play lists.

.mp!

An (*! fle is the most common fle

ormat used to store digital audio or

use on computers and digital mediadevices.

.ra Audio fles created by +ealAudio.

.wav

A A, or aveorm Audio File Format,

is a audio fle ormat used to store

audio on *s.

.wma

indows (edia Audio, or (A, fles is

a audio fle ormat developed by

(icrosot.

Video Extensions

&xtensi

on 'escription

.avi

A Audio ideo %nterleave, or A%, fle is

a video and audio fle created by

(icrosot.

./v Flashvideo fles.

.mov Apple 0uickTimemovie.

.mp1 A video fle.
http://www.real.com/http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/http://www.apple.com/quicktime/http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/http://www.apple.com/quicktime/http://www.real.com/


3/27

.mpg A (*&2 video fle.

mvA indows (edia ideo, or (, fle is

a video fle type created by (icrosot.

Image Extensions

&xtensi

on'escription

.bmp

A $itmap, or $(*, fle is an image fle

used to store bitmap digital images.

These fles are typically ound in

indows.

.curThe )+ fle ormat is used to store

non-animated cursors in indows.

.icoThe %3 fle ormat is used to store

computer icons in (icrosot indows.

.gi

A 2raphics %nterchange Format, or 2%F,

is an image fle ormat created by

ompuserve. This is a common ormat

to fnd on a computer and the %nternet.

."pg A 4*&2 image fle is a common fleound on computers and the %nternet.

."pegAnother extension that corresponds to

a 4*&2 image fle.


4/27

.png

A *ortable 5etwork 2raphic, or *52, is

an image fle that was created to

replace 2%F fles. This is a common

ormat to fnd on a computer and the

%nternet.

.psd

A *hotoshop 'ocument, or *', fle is

used to store images created by Adobe

*hotoshop.

.raw

The raw image ormat is commonly

used by digital cameras to save a

picture in a ormat that has notcurrently been processed.

.ti

The Tagged %mage File Format, or T%F, is

an image fle that is commonly used by

graphic artists and photographers.

Workplace Applications and Text Files Extensions

&xtensi

on'escription

.csv

A omma eparated alue, or , fle

is a text fle that contains lines o data

that are separated by commas.

.doc

A ord 'ocument, or '3, fle is the

extension that ord would save its

documents.


5/27

.docx

tarting in ord 6778, the .docx fle

ormat became the standard fle that

(icrosot ord would save fles as.

.logA text fle typically containing a textuallog o what an application or computer

process has done or transmitted.

.pd

A *ortable 'ocument Format, or *'F,

fle is a fle ormat that was created by

Adobe ystems. This fle ormat is used

to create documents that contain a

specifc fxed layout regardless o theoperating system or application that

opens them.

.pps A (icrosot *ower*oint slide show fle.

.ppt

A *ower*oint 'ocument, or **T, fle is

the extension that *ower*oint would

save its documents.

.pptx

tarting in *ower*oint 6778, the .pptx

fle ormat became the standard fle

that (icrosot *ower*oint would save

fles as.

.rt

A +ich Text Format, or +TF, fle was

created by (icrosot to allow the

ormatting o text, such as bold orunderline, in a text document.

.txtA text fle is a fle that contains textual

data without any ormatting.


6/27

.wpdThe standard fle ormat or saving

ord*erect documents.

.wps A (icrosot orks document.

.xlr A (icrosot orks spreadsheet fle.

.xls

A &xcel 'ocument, or 9:, was the

standard fle ormat that (icrosot

&xcel would saved fles as. This was

changed to .xlsx starting with &xcel

6778.

.xlsx

tarting in &xcel 6778, the .docx fle

ormat became the standard fle that

(icrosot &xcel would save fles as.

Compressed Files or Archive Extensions

&xtensi

on'escription

.8#An archive ormat that was originally

created by the 8-;iparchiver.

.b#6

A fle that was compressed using b#ip6.

This fle ormat is commonly used on

:inux and )nix systems.
http://www.7-zip.org/http://bzip.org/http://www.7-zip.org/http://bzip.org/


7/27

.cabA abinet, or A$, fle is a compressed

archive ormat used by (icrosot.

.deb

A 'ebian otware *ackage, or '&$, fle

is a fle used to install applicationsin 'ebian.

.g#

A fle that was compressed using g#ip.

This fle ormat is commonly used on

:inux and )nix systems.

.pkgA *ackage, or * )nix operatingsystems.

.tar.g#A Tar fle that was compressed using

the 2#ip utility.
http://www.debian.org/http://www.gzip.org/http://www.win-rar.com/website/index.php?id=start&L=0http://www.stuffit.com/http://www.stuffit.com/http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/http://www.debian.org/http://www.gzip.org/http://www.win-rar.com/website/index.php?id=start&L=0http://www.stuffit.com/http://www.stuffit.com/http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/


8/27

.#ip

A ;%* fle is a compress archive fle.

This is the most common and popular

compressed archive that you will fnd

on a computer and in the %nternet.

indows and (acintosh have built-in

support or ;ip fles.

.;A fle that has been compressed with

the :inux or )nix compresscommand.

Web Internet Extensions

&xtensi

on'escription

.css

A ascading tyle heets, or , fle

contains style sheet language that

dictates how the ?T(: in a ?T(: fleshould be displayed.

.htm

A ?ypertext (arkup :anguage, or

?T(:, fles contain ?T(: markup

language, which is used to display

ormatted content on web pages.

.html

A ?ypertext (arkup :anguage, or

?T(:, fles contain ?T(: markuplanguage, which is used to display

ormatted content on web pages.

."s A 4avascript, or 4, fle contains scripts

that should be executed by your web


9/27

browser.

.part

hen you download a fle, the

downloaded inormation will be stored

in a part fle until it is completed. 3nceit is completed, the fle will then be

renamed into the fles@ actual name.

Computer Abbreviations

There are literally thousands o computer abbreviations out there.

(any are concerned with the technical aspects o the computer

while others deal with personal communication. Following are

some more common ones that you may have heard but do not

know exactly what they mean.

ommon omputer Abbreviations

Following are some o the numerous computer abbreviations in

use today.

!perating "#stems and $ata "torage

$%3 - This is the $asic %nput 3utput ystem which controls thecomputer, telling it what operations to perorm. These instructions

are on a chip that connects to the motherboard.

$T& - A byte is a storage unit or data.

B


10/27

B($B is a (egabyte which is a million bytes.

B2$B is a 2igabyte, which eDuals C777 megabytes.

*) - This stands or the entral *rocessing )nit o the computer.

This is like the computerEs brain.

(A - This is an abbreviation or (acintosh, which is a type o

personal computer made by the Apple omputer company.

3 - This is the 3perating ystem o the computer. %t is the main

program that runs on a computer and begins automatically when

the computer is turned on.

* - This is the abbreviation or personal computer. %t reers tocomputers that are %$( compatible.

*'F - This represents the *ortable 'ocument Format which

displays fles in a ormat that is ready or the web.

+A( - This stands or +andom Access (emory which is the space

inside the computer that can be accessed at one time. % you

increase the amount o +A(, then you will increase the

computerEs speed. This is because more o a particular program is

able to be loaded at one time.

+3( - This is +ead 3nly (emory which is the instruction or the

computer and can not be altered.

2A - The ideo 2raphics Array is a system or displaying

graphics. %t was developed by %$(.

%2 - This initialism stands or hat ou ee %s hat ou

2et. %t is pronounced Bwi##iwigB and basically means that theprinter will print what you see on your monitor.

Connecting to the Internet


11/27

FT* - This is a service called File Transport *rotocol which moves a

fle between computers using the %nternet.

?T(: - ?yperText (arkup :anguage ormats inormation so it can

be transported on the %nternet.?TT* - ?ypertext Transer *rotocol is a set o instructions or the

sotware that controls the movement o fles on the %nternet.

%* - This stands or %nternet *rotocol which is the set o rules that

govern the systems connected to the %nternet. %* Address is a

digital code specifc to each computer that is hooked up to the

%nternet.

%* - The %nternet ervice *rovider is the company which provides%nternet service so you can connect your computer to the

%nternet.

:A5 - This stands or :ocal Area 5etwork which is the servers that

your computer connects to in your geographic area.

*** - *oint-to-*oint *rotocol is the set o rules that allow your

computer to use the %nternet protocols using a phone line and

modem.

)+: - This is the )niversal +esource :ocator which is a path to a

certain fle on the orld ide eb.

)$ - The )niversal erial $us is used or communications

between certain devices. %t can connect keyboards, cameras,

printers, mice, /ash drives, and other devices. %ts use has

expanded rom personal computers to *'As, smartphones, and

video games, and is used as a power cord to connect devices to awall outlet to charge them.

+ - irtual +eality simulates a three-dimensional scene on the

computer and has the capability o interaction. This is widely used

in gaming.


12/27

+(: - irtual +eality (ark-up :anguage allows the display o !'

images.

A& Access ontrol &ntry

A': Asymmetric 'igital ubscriber :ine

A2* Accelerated 2raphics *ort

A% Artifcial %ntelligence

A:23: Algorithmic :anguage

A:) Arithmetic :ogic )nit

A5% American 5ational tandards %nstituteA*% Application *rogram %nterace

A*%*A Automatic *rivate %nternet *rotocol Addressing

A*T Automatically *rogrammed Tooling

A+* Address +esolution *rotocol

A+*A5&T Advanced +esearch *ro"ects Agency 5etwork

A%% American tandard ode For %normation %nterchange

AF Advanced treaming Format

A* Active erver *ages

ATA*% Advanced Technology Attachment *acket %nterace

AT( Asynchronous Transer (ode

A)% Attachment )nit %nterace

A% Audio ideo %nterleave

$A% $eginnerGs All *urpose ymbolic %nstruction ode

$' $inary oded 'ecimal


13/27

$'* $usiness 'ata *rocessing ystems

$?T(: $roadcast ?yper Text (arkup :anguage

$%3 $asic %nput 3utput ystem

$%) $us %nterace )nit

$(* $itmap

$* $ytes *er econds

-'A entre For 'evelopment 3 Advanced omputing

A' omputer Aided 'esign

A'' omputer Added 'rating And 'esign

A% omputer Aided %nstructuion

A( omputer Aided (anuacturing

A+ ontrol Address +egister

A& omputer Aided otware &ngineering

% ommon hannel %ntero=ce ignaling5A isco ertifed 5etwork Associate

' ompact 'isc

' + ompact 'isc +eritable

'(A ode 'ivision (ultiple Access

'+3( ompact 'isc +ead 3nly (emory

F2 ontrol Flow 2raph

2% ommon 2ateway %nterace

2( omputer 2raphics (etafle

%'+ lassless %nter'omain +outing


14/27

%( omputer %ntegrated (anuacture

% omplex %nstruction et omputers

%9 ommercial %nternet &xchange

:+ ommon :anguage +untime

(3 omplementary (etal 3xide emiconductor

( ontent (anagement ystem

(


15/27

'3( 'istributed omponent 3b"ect (odel

'* 'ata ommunication *rocessor

'': 'ata 'efnition :anguage

''3 'istributed 'enial 3 ervice

''* 'istributed 'ata *rocessing

'F' 'ata Flow 'iagram

'F 'istributed File ystem

'?* 'ynamic ?ost ontrol *rotocol

'?T(: 'ynamics ?yper Text (arkup :anguage

': 'ata :ink ontrol

':: 'ynamic :ink :ibrary

'(A 'irect (emory Access

'(: 'ata (anipulation :anguage

'(TF 'istributed (anagement Test Force'5A 'istributed %nternet Architecture

'5 'omain 5ame ystem HerverI

'3( 'ocument 3b"ect (odel

'3 'isk 3perating ystem, 'enial 3 ervice

'*% 'ots *er %nch

'+A( 'ynamic +andom Access (emory

': 'igital ubscriber :ine

'5 'igital ubscriber 5etwork

'T' 'ocument Type 'efnition


16/27

'' 'igital ersatile 'isc

& &lectronic

&A+3( &lectrically Alterable +ead 3nly (emory

&$'% &xtended $inary oded 'ecimal %nterchange ode

&' &lectronic 'igital omputer

&''% &xtended $inary oded 'ecimal %nterchange ode

&&*+3( &lectrically &rasable *rogrammable +ead 3nly (emory

&F &ncrypted File ystem

&4$ &nterprise 4ava $eans

&5%A &lectronics 5umerical %ntegrator And alculator

&*+3( &rasable *rogrammable +ead 3nly (emory

&+3( &rasable +ead 3nly (emory

&+* &nterprise +esource *lanning

&):A &nd )ser :icense AgreementFAT File Allocation Table

F'' Floppy 'isk 'rive

F''% Fiber 'istributed 'ata %nterace

F'(A FreDuency 'ivision (ultiple Access

F%F3 First %n First 3ut

F:3* Floating *oint 3perations *er econd

F3 Fiber 3ptics

F3+T+A5 Formula Translation

F* Frames *er econd


17/27

F+A( Ferro &lectric +andom Access (emory

FT* File Transer *rotocol

2$ 2iga $ytes

2%F 2raphic %nterchange Format

2%23 2arbage %n 2arbage 3ut

2(: 2eneral (arkup :anguage

2*: 2eneral *ublic :icense

2)% 2raphical )ser %nterace

?'' ?ard 'isk 'rive

?F ?ierarchical File ystem

?* ?ewlett *ackard

?* ?igh *erormance omputing

?*F ?igh *erormance File ystem

?+ ?ori#ontal can +ate?T(: ?yper Text (arkup :anguage

?TT* ?yper Text Transer *rotocol

%3 %nput 3utput

%$( %nternational $usiness (achines

% %ntegrated ircuit

%(* %nternet ontrol (essage *rotocol

% +educe %nstruction et omputer

%T %normation And ommunication Technology

%'& %ntegrated 'evelopment &nvironment


18/27

%& %nternet &xplorer

%2(* %nternet 2roup (anagement *rotocol

%: %ntermediate :anguage

%3* %nput3utput *rocessor

%* %nternet *rotocol

%*9 %nternetworked *acket &xchange

%+A( %ntegration +am

%+ %nternet +elay hat

%+'A %nrared 'ata Association

%+0 %nterrupt +eDuest

%A*% %nternet erver Application *rogram %nterace

%'5 %ntegrated ervices 'igital 5etwork

%3 %nternational tandard 3rgani#ation

%* %nternet ervice *rovider%+ %nterrupt ervice +outine

%T %normation Technology

%T*: %normation Technology *ark :imited H%ndiaI

4: 4ob ontrol :anguage

4'$ 4ava 'ata $ase onnectivity

4?T(: 4ava ithin ?yper Text (arkup :anguage

4*&2 4oint *hotographic &xperts 2roup

4* 4ava erver *ages


19/27


20/27

(2 (ega $ytes

(%+ (agnetic%nk haracters +eader

(%'% (usical %nstrument 'igital %nterace

(%(' (ultiple %nstruction (ultiple 'ata

(%(& (ultipurpose %nternet (ail &xtensions

(%* (illions 3 %nstructions *er econd

(%' (ultiple %nstruction ingle 'ata

(3'&( (odulator And 'emodulator

(*! (otion *ictures &xperts 2roup :ayer !

(*&2 (otion *ictures &xperts 2roup

( (icrosot

('5 (icrosot 'eveloper 5etwork

(%% (icrosot %nternet %normation erver

(%: (icrosot %ntermediate :anguage((0 (icrosot (essage 0ueue

(5 (icrosot 5etwork

(+A* (icrosot +emote Administration *rotocol

(+* (icrosot +emote *rocedure all

(T (icrosot Transaction erver

(T) (aximum Transmission )nit

5A 5etwork Attached torage

5A3( 5ational Association 3 otware > ervice ompanies

5* 5etwork ontrol *rotocol


21/27

5'% 5etwork 'river %nterace pecifcation

5'+3 5ondestructive +ead 3ut

5&T$&)% 5etbios &nhanced )ser %nterace

5% 5ational %normatics entre,

5%%T 5ational %nstitute 3 %normation Technology

55T* 5etwork 5ews Transer *rotocol

5F5&T 5ational cience Foundation 5etwork

5TF 5ew Technology File ystem

5T* 5etwork Time *rotocol

3+ 3ptical haracter +eaders

3'$ 3pen 'ata $ase onnectivity

3:& 3b"ect :inking And &mbedding

3(+ 3ptical (ark +eader

35& 3pen 5etwork Architecture33A 3b"ect 3rient Analysis

33A' 3b"ect 3riented Analysis And 'esign

33* 3b"ect 3riented *rogramming

33* 3b"ect 3riented *rogramming ystem

3*&5 2: 3pen 2raphics :ibrary

3 3perating ystem

3% 3pen ystem %nterconnection

* *ersonal omputer

*% *eripheral omponent %nterconnect


22/27

*(%A *ersonal omputer (emory ard %nternational

Association

*'A *ersonal 'igital Assistant

*'F *ortable 'ocument Format

*': *age 'escription :anguage

*') *rotocol 'ata )nit

*% *rogramming %nterrupt ontrol

*%:3T *rogrammed %nDuiry :earning 3r Teaching

*:A *rogrammable :ogic Array*: *rogrammable :ogic ontroller

*52 *ortable 5etwork 2raphics

*5* *lug And *lay

*** *eer To *eer *rotocol

**T* *oint To *oint Tunneling *rotocol

*+3( *rogrammable +ead 3nly (emory

* *ost cript

+A': +ateAdaptive 'igital ubscribes :ine

+A%' +edundant Array 3 %ndependent 'isks

+A( +andom Access (emory

+A('A +andom Access (emory 'igital To Analog onverter

+A +emote Access 5etwork

+' +A( +ambus 'ynamic +andom Access (emory

+'$( +elational 'ata $ase (anagement ystem


23/27

+'3 +emote 'ata 3b"ects

+'* +emote 'esktop *rotocol

+F +eDuest For omments

+2$ +ed 2reen $lue

+% +educed %nstruction et omputer

+%* +aster %mage *rocessor

+% +educed %nstruction et omputer

+3( +ead 3nly (emory

+* +emote *rocedure all

+T +eal Time lock

+TF +ich Text Format

+T3 +eal Time 3perating ystem

A


24/27

2 +A( ynchronous 2raphics +andom Access (emory

2(: tandard 2enerali#ed (arkup :anguage

%( ubscriber %dentifcation (odule

%(' ingle %nstruction (ultiple 'ata

%' ingle %nstruction ingle 'ata

%) erial %nterace )nit

(* ymmetric (ulti*rocess

( hort (essage ervice

(T* imple (ail Transer *rotocol

5A ystem 5etwork Architecture

5A* ub 5etwork Access *rotocol

5(* imple 5etwork (anagement *rotocol

53$3: tring 3riented ymbolic :anguage

3A* imple 3b"ect Access *rotocol*9 eDuenced *acket &xchange

0A tatistical 0uality Assurance

0: tructured 0uery :anguage

+A( tatic +andom Access (emory

+ otware +eDuirements pecifcation

T* hielded Twisted *air

* otware erifcation And alidation *lan

otware

TA*% Telephony Application *rogram %nterace


25/27

T$ Tera $ytes

T* Transmission ontrol *rotocol

T*%* Transmission ontrol *rotocol %nternet *rotocol

T'% Transport 'ata %nterace

T'(A Time 'ivision (ultiple Access

T*( Transactions *rocessing (onitor

T+ Terminate And tay +esidents

)'' )ser 'atagram *rotocol

)'* )ser 'atagram *rotocol

)% )ser %nterace

)(: )nifed (odelling :anguage

)5 )niversal 5aming onvention

)5%9 )niplexed %normation And omputer ystems

)+: )niversal +esource :ocator)$ )niversal erial $us

)+T )niversal ynchronous +eceiver Transmitted

)T* )nshielded Twisted *air

A5 irtual Area 5etwork

AT ery mall Aperture Terminal

$ isual $asic

JJ isual JJ

' ideo ompact 'isc

': iew 'efnition :anguage


26/27

2A ideo 2raphics Array

? ideo ?ome ystem

:% ery :ong %nstruction ords

:% ery :arge cale %ntegrated ircuits

*5 irtual *rivate 5etwork

+A( ideo +andom Access (emory

+(: irtual +eality (odelling :anguage

isual tudio

5: idesh anchar 5igam :imited

+ otware alidation And alidation +eport

9' irtual 'evice 'river

! orld ide eb onsortium

A% ide Area %normation ervers

A5 ide Area 5etworkA* ireless Application *rotocol

$&( eb$ase &nterprise (anagement

'( ave 'ivision (ultiplexing

?0: indows ?ardware 0uality :ab

%5'3 (& indows (illennium &dition

%5'3 5T indows 5ew Technology

%5'3 9* indows &xperienced

%5 indows %nternet 5ame ervice

(% indows (anagement %nstrumentation


27/27

(: ireless (arkup :anguage

3+( rite 3nce +ead (any

? indows cript ?ost

orld ide eb

%2 hat ou ee %s hat ou 2et

9?T(: &xtensible ?yper Text (arkup :anguage

9(: &xtensible (arkup :anguage

9: &xtensible tyle heet :angauge

6

CHAPTERR-17. Computer Abbreviation

Documents

Transcript of CHAPTERR-17. Computer Abbreviation