Chapter!3!Notes! Biochemistry! - Rankin County School … · 2014-09-29 · Chapter!3!Notes!...
Transcript of Chapter!3!Notes! Biochemistry! - Rankin County School … · 2014-09-29 · Chapter!3!Notes!...
*Organic molecules are built around carbon atoms. Most organic molecules are in living things. *The 4 groups of organic compounds in living things are carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins.
*Recognize the structures of each: Carbohydrates -‐ Fig. 3-‐6 on p. 55 Protein – Fig. 3-‐7 on p. 56 Lipids -‐ Fig. 3-‐10 on p. 59 Nucleic acids – Fig. 3-‐12 on p. 60
*Carbohydrates – are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. C:H:O raRo 1:2:1. *Carbohydrates are monosaccharides (single sugars, like glucose & fructose), disaccharides (2 sugars), or polysaccharides (3 or more sugars, like glycogen, starch & cellulose). *Energy stored in food is released when chemical bonds are broken.
*Plants use a polysaccharide called starch to store excess sugar. Animals store their sugar in glycogen. *Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for animals
End Pt1
*Proteins are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Proteins are formed from monomers called amino acids linking together. *Proteins: -‐control the rate of reacRons and regulate cell processes (enzymes) -‐are used to form bones and muscles -‐transport substances into or out of cells (protein channel) -‐help to fight disease
*Enzymes are proteins and are catalysts that speed up chemical reacRons in the body but remain unchanged by the reacRons (so they can be used many Rmes). *Enzymes regulate many cellular acRviRes and only work in a certain temperature and a certain pH. *Substrate – reactant that the enzyme is working on.
*AcRvaRon energy – the energy that is needed to get a reacRon started. *Enzymes lower the acRvaRon energy, so they speed up chemical reacRons that take place in the body. *There are many enzymes, but each is specific & only works on a specific substrate. *Understand how enzymes & substrates work. (see fig. 3-‐9 on p. 57) End part 2
*Lipids (ex. fats & cholesterol) are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are not soluble in water. *Lipids are used to: -‐store energy -‐form biological membranes and waterproof coverings -‐serve as chemical messengers.
*The 3 main classes of lipids are triglycerides, phospholipids, and waxes. (Also steroids) *Triglycerides contain fa]y acids, which have a long carbon chain on one end and a carboxyl group (-‐COOH) on the other end. *The cell membrane is made of phospholipids. This phospholipid bilayer forms a barrier around the cell.
*Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary (geneRc) informaRon in the cell. *Ex. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) *DNA & RNA are made of monomers called nucleo,des end part 3
Enzymes
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Free Energy
Progress of the reaction
Reactants
Products
Free energy of activation
Without Enzyme With Enzyme