Notes on Biochemistry and Enzymes Name: _____________________ Date: _____________.
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Transcript of Notes on Biochemistry and Enzymes Name: _____________________ Date: _____________.
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Notes on Biochemistry and Enzymes
Name: _____________________
Date: _____________
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Biochemistry
• The study of the chemical reactions of living things is called _______________
• A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is a called an ________________.– Some examples are :
• Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and _________________• These elements are the most abundant in living
things.
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Inorganic VS. Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds
• Found in living things
• CONTAINS ____________
• Examples include: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids (fats)
Inorganic Compounds• Found in living things
• Does ______ contain carbon
• Examples include: _________ Salts Carbon Dioxide Carbon Monoxide
Why are these exceptions?
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Do Now
• Identify ONE organic compound:
• Identify ONE inorganic compound:
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Three different types of Organic Compounds
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. _____________________
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CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are __________ and
_____________
They are used as a source of ________________ _______________.
– Contain C, H, and O in a ratio of 1:2:1– For example: ________________ is glucose– Glucose is a _________________________
The building blocks of carbohydrates are _________________ __________________
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Monosaccharide and Polysaccharide
Mono=Simple Carbohydrat e
Simple SugarPoly= Complex Carbohydrate
Found in cell walls and the liver of animals
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Carbohydrates in Your DietSimple Carbohydrates Complex Carbohydrates
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Carbohydrates in your body...
• Carbohydrates get broken down into ________________ ________________ during digestion.
• Describe what you found out during the lab activity.
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http://www.biotopics.co.uk/JmolApplet/jcontentstable.html
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Lipids (fats, waxes, and oils)• Mainly a source of ________ __________ energy.
• Contain H, C, and ______ but in no particular ratio. Usually many hydrogen atoms.
• The _____________________ are 3 fatty acids and one glycerol.
• The building blocks of lipids are ___________ ______________
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Fats in your body....
• Fats get broken down into ________________ ________________ during digestion.
• Draw a picture of this process. Use the words lipid and fatty acids.
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Proteins
• Contain C, H, ____ and Nitrogen• Can be used for adding new
________________ in the body.• Examples of Proteins: Structural proteins,
________________, hormones, and antibodies.
• Building block of proteins are ____________ _______________
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Examples of foods that we each that are good sources of proteins:
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There are 20 different Amino Acids
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Proteins in your body....
• Proteins get broken down into ________________ ________________ during digestion.
• Draw a picture of this process. Use the words protein and amino acids.
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Carbohydrates VS Proteins
• Carbohydrates are used for energy whereProteins are used ______________________
Carbohydrates have building blocks called _____________________________, where proteins have 20 building blocks called _______________________________.
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????Do you know????
Think about what you have eaten today? What are the proteins? ________________
What are the carbohydrates? ___________________________________
1. What are the building blocks of proteins? _______________________________________
2. What are the building blocks of carbohydrates?______________________________
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One Very Important Protein
• ________________ regulate the rates of reactions in the cell and body.
• Enzymes are called __________________ because in general they speed up the chemical reactions.
• Enzymes are named after their ________________ they act on.
• Example: __________________ is the enzyme that acts on maltose.
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4 Factors Influence Enzyme Action
• 1. How much _____________ is available.• 2. How much ______________ is available.• 3. How high or how low the
_____________________ is.• 4. How high or how low the ________ is.
• All of these factors can be visually demonstrated in graphs.
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How does the amount of substrate affect the rate of enzyme action?
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How does the amount of enzyme affect the rate of enzyme action?
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How Temperature Affect Enzyme Action•Each enzyme has a temperature which its activity is greatest - _________________ temperature•Enzymes are usually damaged above about 45°C(100°F). They become _______________________•The damage is usually permanent.
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What is pH?
• http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/measure/ph.html
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How pH Affects Enzyme Action•Each enzyme has a specific pH which its activity is greatest - _________________ pH, usually ____, or at neutral•Enzymes are usually damaged in extreme acids or bases. They become _______________________•The damage is usually permanent.
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Remember!• Enzymes have not been
‘___________' –
• They become de_________
• Remember they are proteins and are _____ living things
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Do Now:
Using a hamburger as an example, explain how enzymes change when they are….
Frozen: ______________________________
Cooked: _____________________________www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=21969&title=Enzyme_Activity
htp://
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Some enzymes function at a different optimal pH; Why?
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DO Now: Label each X-Axis with one of the following: Enzyme Concentration, Substrate Concentration,
Temperature and pH.
?
Enzyme
Action
Enzyme Action
Enzyme Action
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Add a title, Label the X-axisTitle: __________________
Enzyme Action
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Add a title, Label the X-axis Title: __________________
Enzyme Action
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Add a title, Label the X-axis Title: __________________
Enzyme Action