Chapter01 Discovering
Transcript of Chapter01 Discovering
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Chapter 1Introduction toComputers
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Chapter 1 Objectives
Recognize the importance of
computer literacy
Define the term, computer
Identify the components
of a computer
Discuss the advantages anddisadvantages of using computers
Recognize the purpose of a network
Discuss the uses of the Internet andWorld Wide Web
Distinguish between system softwareand application software
Describe the categories of computers
Identify the elements of an information system
Describe the various typesof computer users
Discuss various computerapplications in society
Next
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A World of Computers
What is computer literacy ?
p. 4-5 Fig. 1-1 Next
Knowledge and understandingof computers and their usesComputers are everywhere
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How is a computer defined?
What Is a Computer?
p. 6
Produces and stores results
Next
Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
Processes data intoinformationinformation
Data that is organized,meaningful, and useful
Accepts datadataRaw facts, figures, andsymbols
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What Is a Computer?
What is the information processing cycle ?
p. 6 Fig. 1-2 Next
InputProcessOutput
StorageCommunication
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The Components of a Computer
What is an input device ?
p. 7 Fig. 1-3
Hardware usedto enter dataand instructions
Next
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, ClickWeb Linkfrom left navigation,then click InputDevicesbelow Chapter 1
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The Components of a Computer
What is an output device ?
p. 8 Fig. 1-3
Hardware thatconveysinformationto one or morepeople
Next
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The Components of a Computer
What is the system unit ?
p. 8 Fig. 1-3 Next
Casecontainingelectroniccomponentsused to processdata
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The Components of a Computer
What are two main components on the motherboard?
p. 8
ProcessorProcessorAlso called a Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The electronic component that interprets and carriesout the basic instructions that operate the computer
Next
MemoryMemoryConsists of electronic components that storeinstructions waiting to be executed and data needed bythose instructions
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The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
p. 8
Storage mediaStorage mediaPhysical material on which data, instructions,and information are stored
Storage deviceStorage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and fromstorage media
Next
Holds data, instructions, and informationfor future use
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The Components of a Computer
What is a floppy disk and USB flash drive?
p. 8 Next
USB Flash DriveUSB Flash DriveProvides much
greater storage
capacity than afloppy disk orZip disk
Small and lightweightenough to be transportedon a keychain or in apocket
Floppy DiskFloppy DiskThin, circular, flexible
disk enclosed in a square-
shaped plastic shellStores up to about 1.4
million characters
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The Components of a Computer
What is a hard disk?
p. 8 Fig. 1-4 Next
Provides greater storagecapacity than afloppy disk, Zip disk, or USB flash drive
Most are housed insideof the system unit
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The Components of a Computer
What is a compact disc?
p. 9 Fig. 1-5 Next
Flat, round, portable metal discCD-ROMDVD-ROM
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The Components of a Computer
What is a communications device ?
Nextp. 9
Hardware component thatenables a computer to
send and receive data, instructions,and information
Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,
satellites, and othertransmission media
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, ClickWeb Linkfrom left navigation,then click
CommunicationsDevices below Chapter1
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Storage Communications
Advantages and Disadvantagesof Using Computers
p. 10
What are the advantages of using computers?
Speed Reliability
Next
Consistency
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Advantages and Disadvantagesof Using Computers
p. 10 - 11
What are the disadvantages of using computers?
Next
Violation of
Privacy
Impact on
Environment
Impact on
Labor Force
Health Risks
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Networks and the Internet
What is a network ?
p. 11 Next
Collection of computers and devices connected together
Used to share
Resources
Hardwaredevices Software
programsData
Savestimeand
moneyInformation
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Networks and the Internet
What is a server?
p. 11 Fig. 1-6 Next
A server managesthe resources on anetwork Clients accessthe resourceson the server
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Networks and the Internet
What is the Internet ?
p. 12 Fig. 1-7 Next
Worldwide collection of networks that connectsmillions of businesses, government agencies, educationalinstitutions, and individuals
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, ClickWeb Linkfrom left navigation,then click Internet
below Chapter 1
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Networks and the Internet
What is the Web ?
p. 12 - 14
A Web site isa collection of
related Web pages
A Web page containstext, graphics, audio,
video, and links toother Web pages
You can shareinformation by
creating Web pagesor posting photos on
a photo sharingcommunity
Next
Billions of documents, called Web pages , available toanyone connected to the Internet
A blog consists of time-stamped articles ina journal format
A podcast isrecorded audio
stored on a Web sitethat can be
downloaded
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Consists of a seriesof instructions thattells the computer
what to do
Computer Software
What is software ?
p. 15 Next
Also called aprogram
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, ClickWeb Linkfrom left navigation,then click Computer
Programs belowChapter 1
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Computer Software
What is a graphical user interface (GUI) ?
p. 15 Fig. 1-10 Next
Allows you tointeract with thesoftware usinggraphics and iconsControls how youenter data and howthe screen displaysinformation
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Computer Software
What is system software ?
p. 15-16
Operating System (OS)Operating System (OS)is a set of programsthat coordinates allactivities amongcomputer hardware
devices and allowsusers to runapplication software
Utility ProgramsUtility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasksusually related to managing acomputer, its devices or its programs
Next
Programs that control or maintain the operations of thecomputer and its devices
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Computer Software
What is application software ?
p. 16 Fig. 1-11 Next
PresentationGraphics
Spreadsheet
Database
WordProcessing
Programs that perform specifictasks for users
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, ClickWeb Linkfrom left navigation,then click Application
Software belowChapter 1
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Computer Software
How do you install and run programs?
p. 17 Fig. 1-12 Next
Step 1: INSTALLWhen you insert a greetingcard program discin the CD drive for the firsttime, the computerbegins the procedure of
installing the greetingcard program on the harddisk.
Step 3: USEThe greeting card programexecutes. Using this program,you can create custom greetingcards.
Step 2: RUNOnce installed, you can
instruct the computer to runthe greeting card program.The computer transfersinstructions from the harddisk to memory.
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Computer Software
What is a programmer?
p. 18 Fig. 1-13 Next
Someone who developsapplication or systemsoftware
Programmer writes
the instructions todirect the computer to process data intoinformation
JavaScript
Web application
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Categories of Computers
p. 19 Next
What are the categories of computers?Personal Computers
(desktop)
Mobile Computers andMobile Devices
Game Consoles
Servers
Mainframes
Supercomputers
Embedded Computers
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Personal Computers
What are the two most popular series of personalcomputers ?
p. 19 Figs. 1-151-16
Next
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, ClickWeb Link from leftnavigation, then clickPersonal Computers
below Chapter 1
PC and compatiblesuse the Windows
operating system
Apple Macintoshuses the Macintoshoperating system
(Mac OS)
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Personal Computers
What is a desktop computer ?
p. 19-20 Fig. 1-15 Next
Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table
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o e ompu ers an o eDevicesWhat is a notebook computer ?
p. 20 Fig. 1-17 Next
Portable, small enough tofit on your lapAlso called a laptopcomputer Generally more expensivethan a desktop computer
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, ClickWeb Link from leftnavigation, then clickNotebook Computers
below Chapter 1
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o e ompu ers an o eDevicesWhat is a Tablet PC ?
p. 21 Fig. 1-18 Next
Especially useful for takingnotes
Resembles a letter-sized slateAllows you to write on thescreen using a digital pen
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o e ompu ers an o eDevicesWhat are mobile devices ?
p. 21 Next
Internet-enabledtelephone is a
smart telephone
Small enough to
carry in a pocket
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o e ompu ers an o eDevicesWhat is a handheld computer ?
p. 21 Next
Usedby mobile
employees such asmeter readers and
delivery people
Smallenough to fit
in onehand
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o e ompu ers an o eDevicesWhat is a personal digital assistant (PDA) ?
p. 21 Fig. 1-20 Next
Provides personal organizer functionsCalendar Appointment book
Address book Calculator
Notepad
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o e ompu ers an o eDevicesWhat are smart phones ?
p. 22 Fig. 1-21 Next
A smart phone isan Internet-enabled
telephone that usuallyprovides PDA capabilities
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Game Consoles
What are game consoles ?
p. 22 Fig. 1-21 Next
Mobile computing device designed forsingle-player or multiplayer video games
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Servers
What types of servers are there?
p. 23 Figs. 1-231-25
Mainframe Very powerful,expensive computer that supportsthousands of computers
Supercomputer The fastest, mostpowerful, most expensivecomputer. Used for applicationsrequiring complex mathematicalcalculations
Next
A server controls access to network resources and provides centralizedstorage
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Embedded Computers
What is an embedded computer ?A special-purpose computer that functions as acomponent in a larger product
p. 24 Fig. 1-26 Next
emen s o an n orma on
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emen s o an n orma onSystemWhat are information system elements?
p. 25 Fig. 1-27 Next
HardwareSoftwareDataPeopleProcedures
E l f C U
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Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a home user ?
p. 26-27 Fig. 1-28 Next
Personal financemanagementWeb accessCommunications
Entertainment
E l f C U
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Examples of Computer Usage
p. 28 Fig. 1-30
ProductivitysoftwareSpecialtysoftwareWeb usageE-mail
Next
What software is available for a smalloffice/home office (SOHO) user?
E l f C U
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Hardware Notebook computersPDAs
Smart phonesTablet PCs
Examples of Computer Usage
What is available fora mobile user ?
p. 29 Fig. 1-31
SoftwareWord processingSpreadsheetPresentation graphicssoftware
Next
E l f C U
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Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of a power user ?
p. 29 Fig. 1-32 Next
Speed and large amounts of storageTypes of power users
EngineersScientistsArchitectsDesktop publishersGraphic artists
E l f C t U
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Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of the large business user ?
p. 30 Figs. 1-331-34
Next
Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, ClickWeb Link from leftnavigation, then clickEnterprise Computingbelow Chapter 1
PayrollInventoryE-commerceDesktop
publishing
ompu er pp ca ons n
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ompu er pp ca ons nSocietyWhat are some examplesof computer applicationsin society?
p. 32-36 Figs. 1-361-43
Next
EducationFinanceGovernmentHealthcareSciencePublishing
TravelManufacturing
ummary o Intro uct on to
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ummary o Intro uct on toComputers
Basic computer concepts
The term, computer
The advantages and disadvantagesof using computers
The components of a computer
The purpose of a network
The uses of the Internet
Computer software
Categories of computers
Types of computer users
Computer applications in society
Chapter 1 Complete