Chapter Outline Chapter 23 State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850–1871 Civilization in...

Chapter OutlineChapter Outline

Chapter 23State Building and Social Change in

Europe, 1850–1871

Civilization in the West, Seventh Edition by Kishlansky/Geary/O’Brien

Copyright © 2008, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Longman

II. Building Nations: The Politics of UnificationII. Reforming European SocietyIII. Changing Values and the Force of New Ideas

Chapter 23: State Building and Social Change in Europe, 1850-1871


I. Building Nations: The Politics of Unification

A. The Crimean WarThe Eastern Question

The Great Powers Britain, France, Russia, Austria,

Prussia

RussiaDanubian Principalities (Romania)1853, Sinope> Alliance: Britain, France,

Piedmont-Sardinia, Ottoman Empire

1856, Peace of Paris

Human Costs of the WarCholera, typhoidFlorence Nightingale

B. Unifying Italy – The Risorgimento Camillo Cavour Garibaldi’s Red Shirts1866, Venetia1870, RomeVictor Emmanuel (1870-1878)

The Crimean War



Solferino, 1859

Magenta, 1859




B. Unifying Italy – The Risorgimento Camillo Cavour Garibaldi’s Red Shirts1866, Venetia1870, RomeVictor Emmanuel (1870-1878)

C. Unifying GermanyOtto von Bismarck

Realpolitik

War with Austria1866, Seven Weeks’ War

Schleswig, Holstein.

1867, Austrian Emperor also King of Hungary

The Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871Ems Dispatch

Prussian Dominance of United Germany

Reichstag The Unification of Italy




C. Unifying GermanyOtto von Bismarck

Realpolitik

War with Austria1866, Seven Weeks’ War

Schleswig, Holstein

1867, Austrian Emperor also King of Hungary

The Franco-Prussian War, 1870-1871Ems Dispatch

Prussian Dominance of United Germany

Reichstag

D. The United States: Civil War and Reunification

E. Nationalism and Force

The Unification of Germany


Reforming European SocietyThree Models


In the third quarter of the 19th century, Europe’s leaders recognized that reforms were needed to build dynamic and competitive states. Three different models for social and political reform developed in •France, •Great Britain, and •Russia

after 1850.


French Foreign & Domestic PolicyFrench Foreign & Domestic Policy

FOREIGNFOREIGNoCrimean War (1853-Crimean War (1853-1856)1856)oSupport Italian Support Italian nationalists against nationalists against AustriaAustriaoSuez Canal (1859-Suez Canal (1859-1869)1869)oFree Trade Policy with Free Trade Policy with BritainBritainoMexican failure (1838-Mexican failure (1838-1839)1839)oFranco-Prussian War Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871)(1870-1871)

DOMESTICDOMESTICoHighly centralized Highly centralized administrative structureadministrative structureoelite of specialists for social elite of specialists for social and economic transformationsand economic transformationsoTechnocraticTechnocraticoAutocratic direction and Autocratic direction and liberal participationliberal participationoNapoleon IIINapoleon IIIoRebuild Paris: unsanitary, Rebuild Paris: unsanitary, crime ridden , politically crime ridden , politically volatile capitalvolatile capital


Russia

Reforms:– Abolished serfdom March 1861– Bureaucracy and finance were expanded

• System of credit and banking contributed to growth• French investment increased railway construction

– 1855 – 660 miles– 1880 – 14000 miles

• Russia became world grain supplier– With trains, exports increased threefold

– Alexander introduced zemstvos• Local elected assemblies on the provincial and county levels to govern

local affairs• Responsible for educational, health, and other social welfare reforms

– Judicial reforms• Provincial courts opened in 1866• Corporal punishment eliminated

– Conscription limited to 15 years at the age of 20 instead of 25 years

– Still an autocracy



II. Reforming European SocietyThree Models

A. The Second Empire in France, 1852–1870

Napoleon IIIParis - Baron Georges Haussman

Foreign Policy Suez CanalFranco-Prussian War of 1870-71

B. Victorian Political ReformsParliamentary Reforms

Reform Bills, 1832, 1867

William Gladstone, liberalFree trade, disestablishment in

Ireland

Benjamin Disraeli, conservativeFactory Act of 1875Artisans Dwelling ActTrade Union ActPublic Health

C. Reforming Russia

Alexander IIEmancipation of the Serfs,

1861Polish serfs, 1864

mir, village commune The Great Reforms

zemstvos

The Populist Movement

1881, assassination

D. The Politics of LeadershipRoyal Authority

The Nation-StateRealpolitik



C. Reforming Russia

Alexander IIEmancipation of the Serfs,

1861Polish serfs, 1864

mir, village commune The Great Reforms

zemstvos

The Populist Movement

1881, assassination

D. The Politics of LeadershipRoyal Authority

The Nation-StateRealpolitik

Russian Serfs



III. Changing Values and the Force of New Ideas

A. The Politics of HomemakingWomen’s Place

Working-Class Wives and Mothers

B. Realism in the ArtsVisual Arts

Gustav CourbetJean-Francois MilletHonoré Daumier

Realist NovelsCharles DickensGeorge EliotGustave FlaubertFyodor Dostoyevsky

Photography1939, Louis DaguerreDaguerrotype

C. Charles Darwin and the New Science

Charles Darwin Origin of Species, 1859

D. Karl Marx and the Science of Society

Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels Class Struggle

Marx’s Legacy

E. A New Revolution?

1871, Napoleon III surrendersSiege of Paris

Paris Commune, March-May 1871



Realism: Millet, The Gleaners (1875)



Realism: Courbet, The Sower

The Stone Breakers



Realism: Daumier, Nevertheless (1834))



Realism: Daumier: The Third Class Carriage



III. Changing Values and the Force of New Ideas

E. A New Revolution? 1871, Napoleon III surrendersSiege of Paris

Paris Commune, March-May 1871

The Paris Commune



Entry of Napoleon III into Paris, 1852

The Crystal Palace of the Great Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, 1851

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