Chapter 9 Mobile Computing and Commerce And Pervasive Computing.

Chapter 9

Mobile Computing and Commerce

And Pervasive Computing

Learning Objectives

1. Describe the mobile computing environment that supports m-commerce (i.e., devices, software, services).

2. Describe the four major types of wireless telecommunications networks.

3. Define mobile commerce and understand its relationship to e-commerce.

4. Discuss the value-added attributes, benefits, and fundamental drivers of m-commerce.

5. Discuss m-commerce applications in finance, shopping, advertising, and provision of content.

Learning Objectives

6. Discuss the application of m-commerce within organizations.

7. Understand B2B and supply chain management applications of m-commerce.

8. Describe consumer and personal applications of m-commerce.

9. Understand the technologies and potential application of location-based m-commerce.

10. Describe the major inhibitors and barriers of m-commerce.

11. Discuss the key characteristics and current uses of pervasive computing.

Mobile Computing Content,Infrastructure and Services

mobile computing

Mobile computing refers to a computing paradigm designed for workers who travel outside the boundaries of their organizations or anyone on the move.


Exhibit 9.1


Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

The Wireless Application Protocol is a suite of network protocols designed to enable different kinds of wireless devices to access WAP-readable files on an Internet -connected Web server.


9.3


Synchronization,

the exchange of updated information with other computing devices, is a requirement of any mobile computing device that stores data.


Micropayments Micropayments,which are electronic payments for s

mall -purchase amounts, generally less than $10,have not become widespread in EC,at least in part because of the relatively high cost of conducting such transactions.

Location-Based Servicesglobal positioning system (GPS)

A worldwide satellite-based tracking system that enables users to determine their position anywhere on the earth.

Wireless Telecommunications Networks

personal area network (PAN)A PAN is suitable for mobile users who need to make very short-range device-to-device wireless connections within a small space,typically a single room.

BluetoothA set of telecommunications standards that enables wireless devices to communicate with each other over short distances.


wireless local area network and Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)

Wi-Fi: The common name used to describe the IEEE 802.11 standard used on most WLANs.


802.11b

The most popular Wi-Fi standard; it is inexpensive and offers sufficient speed for most devices; however, interference can be a problem.

802.11a

This Wi-Fi standard is faster than 802.11b but has a smaller range.

802.11g

This fast but expensive Wi-Fi standard is mostly used in businesses.


EXHIBIT 9.4 How Wi-Fi Works


WWAN Communication ProtocolsFrequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)

Mobile Commerce: Attributes,Benefits, and Drivers

Mobile commerce (m-commerce,

m-business) , includes any business activity conducted over a wireless telecommunications network.


Attributes of m-commerce Generally speaking,many of the EC applications described in t

his book also apply to m-commerce.Auction sites are starting to use m-commerce, and wireless collaborative commerce in B2B EC is emerging.The major attributes described next offer the opportunity for development of new applications that are possible only in the mobile environment.

Ubiquity Convenience Interactivity Personalization Localization


exhibit 9.7


DRIVERS OF M-COMMERCE Widespread availability of more powerful mobile

devices The handset culture The service economy Vendors’ push The mobile workforce Increased mobility Improved price and performance Improvement of bandwidth

Mobile Financial Applications

exhibit 9.8

Mobile Financial Applications

Wireless electronic payment systems

Wireless wallets

Wireless bill payments

Mobile Shopping, Advertising, and Content Provision

WIRELESS SHOPPINGMOBILE AND TARGETED ADVERTISI

NGMobile portal

A customer access and interaction channel, optimized for mobility, that aggregates and provides content to and services for mobile users.

Mobile Enterprise and Supply Chain

SUPPORT OF MOBILE EMPLOYEESMobile OfficeSales Force Mobilization and AutomationWorker Support in RetailingSupport in OperationsTracking EmployeesJob DispatchMaintenance and Repair at Remote SitesWearable Devices

Mobile Enterprise and Supply Chain

SUPPORTING OTHER TYPES OF WORK

CUSTOMER AND PARTNER SUPPORT

NON-INTERNET ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

B2B M-COMMERCE AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Mobile Consumer And Personal Service Applications

MOBILE ENTERTAINMENTWIRELESS TELEMEDICINE

Location-Based Mobile Commerce

Location-based m-commerce

Delivery of m-commerce transactions to individuals in a specific location, at a specific time.


THE TECHNOLOGY FOR L-COMMERCE Global Positioning System

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM AND GPS Geographical information system (GIS)

A computer system capable of integrating, storing, editing, analyzing, sharing, and displaying geographically referenced (spatial) information.

GPS/GIS Applications


Five key factors for services provided :

1. Location2. Navigation3. Tracking4. Mapping5. Timing


LOCATION-BASED ADVERTISINGEmergency response cell phone callsTelematics and Telemetry application

stelematics,the integration of computers and wireless communications to improve information flow using the principles of telemetry.

OTHER APPLICATIONS OF LOCATION-BASED SYSTEMS


BARRIERS TO LOCATION-BASED M-COMMERCEAccuracy of devicesThe cost-benefit justificationLimited network bandwidth Invasion of privacy

Security and Other Implementation Issues in M-Commerce

M-COMMERCE SECURITY ISSUES

Malicious Code 、 transaction security 、 Wireless communication 、 Physical security of mobile devices 、Ease of use and poor security 、 security measures


TECHNOLOGICAL BARRIERS TO M-COMMERCE Technical Limitations of Mobile Computing

Insufficient bandwidth Security standards Power consumption Transmission interferences GPS accuracy WAP limitations Potential health hazards Human–computer interface Complexity


Ethical,legal,and health issues in m-commerce

Barriers for enterprise mobile computingProject failures in m-commerce

Pervasive Computing

Pervasive computing is invisible, everywhere computing;it is computing capabilities being embedded into the objects around us.

Radio frequency identification(RFID) A number of pervasive computing initiatives ar

e underway that hold substantial promise for the future of EC and m-commerce and that have the substantial financial backing that will be needed for commercial success.

Pervasive Computing

RFID technology uses radio waves to identify items. An RFID system consists of (1) an RFID tag that includes an antenna and a chip with information about the item and (2)an RFID reader that contains a radio transmitter and receiver.

Pervasive Computing

Exhibit 9.10 How RFID Works

Pervasive Computing

RFID technology is already being used for a variety of purposes:

Track moving vehicles; Track people; Track individual items; Protect secure areas; Record transactions.

Pervasive Computing

SMART APPLICATIONS: HOMES, CARS, AND MORE

Pervasive computing , with its tiny devices and tags, including RFID tags,is the key to many applications.

Smart Homes

Smart cars

Sensor Networks

Chapter 9 Mobile Computing and Commerce And Pervasive Computing.

Documents

Transcript of Chapter 9 Mobile Computing and Commerce And Pervasive Computing.