Chapter 8 The Water-Soluble Vitamins Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 8The Water-Soluble Vitamins

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vitamins

© 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

Vitamin Talk Vitamins are organic compounds essential in

the diet to promote growth and health maintenance.

Water-soluble vitamins include the B vitamins and vitamin C.

Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E and K. B vitamins were originally thought to be one

chemical substance but are actually many different substances. That is the reason for B1, B2, B12, etc.


The Brief History of Vitamins 1905 William Fletcher determines that if

special factors are removed from food, disease can occur

Berberi –polished rice vs unpolished rice (Vitamin B)

1912 – Vitamin Cures Scurvy ( 1747 James Lind had figured out citrus was critical to prevent scurvy


The History of Vitamins https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZB_Yg9rr

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The Vitamins


Finding Vitamins in Foods


Fortified and Enriched Foods Fortification: process of adding nutrients to

foods. The added nutrients are generally not found in the food or are added in much larger amounts, such as fortifying orange juice with calcium.

Enrichment: adding nutrients back to foods that have lost nutrients due to processing. An example is the addition of B vitamins to white rice.


Fortified Foods: Enough or Too Much?


Dietary Supplements Dietary supplements can be another source

of vitamins in the modern diet. Dietary supplements contain some

combination of vitamins, minerals, herbs, botanicals, amino acids, enzymes or extracts.

Dietary supplements cannot replace the benefits of a diet containing a wide variety of foods.



Absorption of Vitamins

Bioavailability of Vitamins Vitamins must be absorbed by the body in order

to perform their functions. Approximately 40–90% of vitamins are absorbed

in the small intestine. Fat-soluble vitamins require fat in the diet to be

absorbed. Water-soluble vitamins may require transport

molecules or specific molecules in the GI tract. Some vitamins are absorbed in inactive

provitamin or vitamin precursor forms that must be converted into active forms by the body.


Minerals


Minerals in the Body Minerals are elements needed by the body in

small amounts for health and maintenance. Major minerals are needed in the diet in

amounts greater than 100 mg per day or are present in the body in amounts greater than 0.01% of body weight.

Trace minerals are required in the diet in amounts less than 100 mg per day or are present in the body in amounts less than 0.01% of body weight.


The War on Salt https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gp21JKa

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Chapter 8 The Water-Soluble Vitamins Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

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