Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.
-
Upload
ilene-francis -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.
![Page 1: Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfb51a28abf838c9d60c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 8Chapter 8Section 1: The Origins of Genetics
Grade 10 BiologySpring 2011
![Page 2: Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfb51a28abf838c9d60c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Bell RingerBell RingerMake a list of 5 characteristics
that are passed on in familiesName one characteristic that
may also be inherited but that is also influenced by behavior or environment
![Page 3: Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfb51a28abf838c9d60c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ObjectivesObjectivesIdentify the investigator whose
studies formed the basis of modern genetics
List characteristics that make the garden pea a good subject for genetic study
Summarize the three major steps of Gregor Mendel’s garden pea experiments
Relate the ratios that Mendel observed in his crosses to his data
![Page 4: Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfb51a28abf838c9d60c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Mendel’s Studies of Mendel’s Studies of CharactersCharactersHeredity: the passing of
characters from parents to offspring
![Page 5: Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfb51a28abf838c9d60c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Mendel’s Breeding Mendel’s Breeding ExperimentsExperimentsGregor Mendel: grandfather of
geneticsCarried out experiments with the
garden pea plant Genetics: the branch of biology
that focuses on heredity
![Page 6: Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfb51a28abf838c9d60c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mendel’s Breeding Mendel’s Breeding ExperimentsExperimentsT.A. Knight
◦Crossed a variety of the garden pea that had purple flowers with a variety that had white flowers
◦All of the offspring of Knight’s crosses had purple flowers
◦When 2 of the purple flowered offspring were crossed, their offspring showed both white and purple flowers
◦White trait had reappeared
![Page 7: Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfb51a28abf838c9d60c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mendel’s Breeding Mendel’s Breeding ExperimentsExperimentsMendel’s experiments differed
because he counted the number of each kind of offspring and analyzed the data
![Page 8: Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfb51a28abf838c9d60c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Useful Features in PeasUseful Features in PeasSeveral characters of the garden
pea exist in two clearly different forms◦Character = inherited
characteristic, such as flower colour ◦Trait = refers to single form of a
character, such as purple flowers
![Page 9: Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfb51a28abf838c9d60c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Useful Features in PeasUseful Features in PeasMale and female parts of a
garden pea plant are enclosed within the same flower◦Can control mating
Small, grows easily, matures quickly, and produces many offspring
![Page 10: Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfb51a28abf838c9d60c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Traits Expressed as Simple Traits Expressed as Simple RatiosRatiosMonohybrid cross: cross that
involves one pair of contrasting traits True breeding: all of offspring
would display only one form of the character ◦Done by allowing a variety of peas to
self pollinate for several generationsP Generation: first two individuals
that are crossed in a breeding experiment
![Page 11: Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfb51a28abf838c9d60c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Traits Expressed as Simple Traits Expressed as Simple RatiosRatiosF1 Generation: the offspring of
the P generation F2 Generation: the offspring of
the F1 generation
![Page 12: Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfb51a28abf838c9d60c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Mendel’s ResultMendel’s ResultF1 generation showed only
one form of the trait F1 generation allowed to self-
pollinate Missing trait reappeared in the F2
generation
![Page 13: Chapter 8 Section 1: The Origins of Genetics Grade 10 Biology Spring 2011.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/5697bfb51a28abf838c9d60c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Mendel’s ResultMendel’s ResultF2 Generation:
◦705 purple◦224 white ◦705:224 or 705/224◦Reduced = 3:1
He found the same results for each of the other 7 traits he studied