Chapter 8 Note Packet

Government, Citizenship, and the Constitution

ORGANIZATION OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTION

ORGANIZATION OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONPreamble – The Preamble states the purpose of

the document.

ORGANIZATION OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONPreamble – The Preamble states the purpose of

the document.

Article I – Defines the powers and structures of the legislative branch (Congress).

ORGANIZATION OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONPreamble – The Preamble states the purpose of

the document.

Article I – Defines the powers and structures of the legislative branch (Congress).

Article II – Creates the executive branch of government (U.S. President).

ORGANIZATION OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONPreamble – The Preamble states the purpose of

the document.

Article I – Defines the powers and structures of the legislative branch (Congress).

Article III – Establishes the judicial branch of the government (Supreme Court).

Article II – Creates the executive branch of government (U.S. President).

ORGANIZATION OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONPreamble – The Preamble states the purpose of

the document.

Article I – Defines the powers and structures of the legislative branch (Congress).

Article III – Establishes the judicial branch of the government (Supreme Court).

Article IV – Outlines the obligations of the states to each other.

Article II – Creates the executive branch of government (U.S. President).

ORGANIZATION OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONPreamble – The Preamble states the purpose of

the document.

Article I – Defines the powers and structures of the legislative branch (Congress).

Article III – Establishes the judicial branch of the government (Supreme Court).

Article V – Describes the process by which the Constitution may be altered (Amendments).

Article IV – Outlines the obligations of the states to each other.

Article II – Creates the executive branch of government (U.S. President).

ORGANIZATION OF THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONPreamble – The Preamble states the purpose of

the document.

Article I – Defines the powers and structures of the legislative branch (Congress).

Article III – Establishes the judicial branch of the government (Supreme Court).

Article V – Describes the process by which the Constitution may be altered (Amendments).

Article VI – Establishes that the U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the land.

Article IV – Outlines the obligations of the states to each other.

Article II – Creates the executive branch of government (U.S. President).

PREAMBLE TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONThe Preamble, or introduction, to the Constitution began with the words “We the People,” emphasizing that the members of the Constitutional Convention were acting as the representatives of the American people as a whole. The Preamble gave six purposes (goals) for the new constitution and the government it created. These purposes (goals) were to:

PREAMBLE TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONThe Preamble, or introduction, to the Constitution began with the words “We the People,” emphasizing that the members of the Constitutional Convention were acting as the representatives of the American people as a whole. The Preamble gave six purposes (goals) for the new constitution and the government it created. These purposes (goals) were to:

“form a more perfect union.”

PREAMBLE TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONThe Preamble, or introduction, to the Constitution began with the words “We the People,” emphasizing that the members of the Constitutional Convention were acting as the representatives of the American people as a whole. The Preamble gave six purposes (goals) for the new constitution and the government it created. These purposes (goals) were to:

“form a more perfect union.”

“establish justice.”

PREAMBLE TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONThe Preamble, or introduction, to the Constitution began with the words “We the People,” emphasizing that the members of the Constitutional Convention were acting as the representatives of the American people as a whole. The Preamble gave six purposes (goals) for the new constitution and the government it created. These purposes (goals) were to:

“form a more perfect union.”

“establish justice.”

“insure domestic

tranquility (peace).”

PREAMBLE TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONThe Preamble, or introduction, to the Constitution began with the words “We the People,” emphasizing that the members of the Constitutional Convention were acting as the representatives of the American people as a whole. The Preamble gave six purposes (goals) for the new constitution and the government it created. These purposes (goals) were to:

“form a more perfect union.”

“establish justice.”

“insure domestic

tranquility (peace).”

“provide for the common

defense.”

PREAMBLE TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONThe Preamble, or introduction, to the Constitution began with the words “We the People,” emphasizing that the members of the Constitutional Convention were acting as the representatives of the American people as a whole. The Preamble gave six purposes (goals) for the new constitution and the government it created. These purposes (goals) were to:

“form a more perfect union.”

“establish justice.”

“insure domestic

tranquility (peace).”

“provide for the common

defense.”

“promote the general welfare (well-being of

citizens).”

PREAMBLE TO THE U.S. CONSTITUTIONThe Preamble, or introduction, to the Constitution began with the words “We the People,” emphasizing that the members of the Constitutional Convention were acting as the representatives of the American people as a whole. The Preamble gave six purposes (goals) for the new constitution and the government it created. These purposes (goals) were to:

“form a more perfect union.”

“establish justice.”

“insure domestic

tranquility (peace).”

“provide for the common

defense.”

“promote the general welfare (well-being of

citizens).”

“secure the blessings of

liberty.”

Principles of theU.S. Constitution

Popular Sovereignty• Power• Of the• People

• Consent of the Governed• All authority for government flows from the people

and they rule through their elected representatives.• Found in Preamble: “We the people”• Great example of Popular Sovereignty

Limited Government• Powers of government are limited by the

constitution.

• Articles I, II, and III of the U.S. Constitution specify the powers and responsibilities of each branch.

Constitutional Constraints

Legislative Executive Judicial

Separation of Powers• Each Branch of Government has its own

responsibilities/jobs/and powers.

• Legislative—Congress makes the laws.• Executive—The Executive Branch enforces or

carries out the laws.• Judicial—The Judicial Branch interprets the

laws.

Checks and BalancesEach of the threebranches of government exercises some control over the others, sharing power among them.

President can issue pardons.

Court can issue an injunction to

stop executive action.

Congress confirmsall judicial

appointments.

Court can declare laws unconstitutional.

President can veto laws.

2/3rds vote in Congress can

override his veto.

Executive Branch

FederalJudiciary

U.S.Congress

Federalism

• Power is divided and shared between the national and state governments.

• The 10th Amendment states: “Powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states and the people.”

Laws

Representatives

The Voting Public

Republicanism

• Voters elect representatives to exercise power for them. (Preamble and Article I).

Individual Rights

Rights of the Individual – your personal rights!

Found in the Bill of Rights

Also referenced as Unalienable Rights in the DOI

Branches of Government

Branches of Government

Branches of Government

Branches of Government

Branches of Government

Branches of Government

Branches of Government

Branches of Government

Branches of Government

Branches of Government

Branches of Government

THE AMENDMENT PROCESS

To prevent changes for unimportant reasons, the amending process was made more difficult than passing an ordinary law. The process can take months, or even years to complete.

Article V proposes two ways to propose an amendment:• ____________________________________________, or• _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________.

Article V proposes two ways to ratify an amendment:• _______________________________________________

____________________________________________, or• _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________.

THE AMENDMENT PROCESSTo prevent changes for unimportant reasons, the amending process was made more difficult than passing an ordinary law. The process can take months, or even years to complete.Article V proposes two ways to propose an amendment:• May be proposed by 2/3 of both the House and the Senate,

or• May be proposed by a national convention called by

Congress at the request of 2/3 of the state legislatures.

Article V proposes two ways to ratify an amendment:• May be approved (ratified) by the legislatures of 3/4 of the

states, or• May be approved (ratified) by special conventions in 3/4 of

the states.

THE AMENDMENT PROCESS

THE AMENDMENT PROCESS

THE AMENDMENT PROCESS

THE AMENDMENT PROCESS

THE AMENDMENT PROCESS

THE BILL OF RIGHTS

Protecting Individual Liberties1. ________________________________________________

Protecting Against Abuse of Power2. _______________________________________________3. _______________________________________________4. _______________________________________________

Protecting Rights of the Accused5. ________________________________________________6. ________________________________________________7. ________________________________________________8. ________________________________________________

Amendments Nine and Ten9. _______________________________________________10. _______________________________________________

THE BILL OF RIGHTS

Protecting Individual Liberties1. Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly, and Petition

Protecting Against Abuse of Power2. The Right to Bear Arms3. Lodging Troops in Private Home4. Search and Seizure

Protecting Rights of the Accused5. Rights of the Accused6. Right to Speedy Trial by Jury7. Jury Trial in Civil Cases8. Bail and Punishment

Amendments Nine and Ten9. Powers Reserved to the People10. Powers Reserved to the States

LATER AMENDMENTS

Civil War Amendments13.________________________14.________________________15.________________________

Nineteenth Amendment19.________________________

Twenty-Sixth Amendment26.________________________

LATER AMENDMENTS

Civil War Amendments13.Abolition of Slavery14.Rights of Citizens15.Voting Rights

Nineteenth Amendment19.Women’s Suffrage

Twenty-Sixth Amendment26.Voting Age

Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship

A ___________ is a person who owes loyalty to a particular nation and is entitled to all its rights and protections.

To be a citizen of the United States, you must fulfill one of the following requirements:

• ________________________________________________________________________

• ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship

A citizen is a person who owes loyalty to a particular nation and is entitled to all its rights and protections.

To be a citizen of the United States, you must fulfill one of the following requirements:

• Be born in the United States (or at least one parent is a citizen of the United States)

• Complete the official legal process (naturalization) for becoming a citizen (or you were 18 or younger when your parents were naturalized)

Requirements for Becoming a U.S. Citizen

Requirements for Becoming a U.S. Citizen

Be at least 18 years old and be a permanent resident of the United States.

Requirements for Becoming a U.S. Citizen

Be at least 18 years old and be a permanent resident of the United States.

Have lived lawfully in the United States for 5 years before filing an application.

Requirements for Becoming a U.S. Citizen

Be at least 18 years old and be a permanent resident of the United States.

Have lived lawfully in the United States for 5 years before filing an application.

Be a person of good moral character and have no serious criminal convictions.

Requirements for Becoming a U.S. Citizen

Be at least 18 years old and be a permanent resident of the United States.

Be able to read, write, speak, and understand simple words in English.

Have lived lawfully in the United States for 5 years before filing an application.

Be a person of good moral character and have no serious criminal convictions.

Requirements for Becoming a U.S. Citizen

Be at least 18 years old and be a permanent resident of the United States.

Be able to read, write, speak, and understand simple words in English.

Have lived lawfully in the United States for 5 years before filing an application.

Be a person of good moral character and have no serious criminal convictions.

Understand the fundamentals of U.S. history and government.

Requirements for Becoming a U.S. Citizen

Be at least 18 years old and be a permanent resident of the United States.

Be able to read, write, speak, and understand simple words in English.

Have lived lawfully in the United States for 5 years before filing an application.

Be a person of good moral character and have no serious criminal convictions.

Be willing to swear allegiance to the principles of the U.S. Constitution.

Understand the fundamentals of U.S. history and government.

Participation in American Democracy

(Civic Virtue)

Participation in American

Democracy (Civic Virtue)

Volunteer to serve in the nation’s

armed forces or to perform some other

public service

Participation in American

Democracy (Civic Virtue)

Take an active interest in

government by learning about

activities

Volunteer to serve in the nation’s armed

forces or to perform some other public

service

Participation in American

Democracy (Civic Virtue)

Take an active interest in

government by learning about

activities

Stay informed on public

issues

Volunteer to serve in the nation’s armed

forces or to perform some other public

service

Participation in American

Democracy (Civic Virtue)

Take an active interest in

government by learning about

activities

Stay informed on public issues

Respect other people’s point

of view

Volunteer to serve in the nation’s armed

forces or to perform some other public

service

Participation in American

Democracy (Civic Virtue)

Take an active interest in

government by learning about

activities

Stay informed on public issues

Respect other people’s point of

view

Inform your elected representatives

about issues and problems that concern you

Volunteer to serve in the nation’s armed

forces or to perform some other public

service

Participation in American

Democracy (Civic Virtue)

Take an active interest in

government by learning about

activities

Stay informed on public issues

Respect other people’s point of

viewInform your elected

representatives about issues and

problems that concern you

Vote in elections

Volunteer to serve in the nation’s armed

forces or to perform some other public

service

Participation in American

Democracy (Civic Virtue)

Take an active interest in

government by learning about

activities

Stay informed on public issues

Respect other people’s point of

viewInform your elected

representatives about issues and

problems that concern you

Vote in elections

Participate in government by joining a political party, working

as an independent voter, or campaigning

for public office

Volunteer to serve in the nation’s armed

forces or to perform some other public

service

Participation in American

Democracy (Civic Virtue)

Take an active interest in

government by learning about

activities

Stay informed on public issues

Respect other people’s point of

viewInform your elected

representatives about issues and

problems that concern you

Vote in elections

Participate in government by joining

a political party, working as an

independent voter, or campaigning for public

office

Serve in government if

elected or appointed

Volunteer to serve in the nation’s armed

forces or to perform some other public

service

Participation in American

Democracy (Civic Virtue)

Take an active interest in

government by learning about

activities

Stay informed on public issues

Respect other people’s point of

viewInform your elected

representatives about issues and

problems that concern you

Vote in elections

Participate in government by joining

a political party, working as an

independent voter, or campaigning for public

office

Serve in government if

elected or appointed

Volunteer to serve in the nation’s armed

forces or to perform some other public

service

Required Responsibilities of U.S. Citizenship

Required Responsibilities of U.S. Citizenship

Voting in Elections

Required Responsibilities of U.S. Citizenship

Voting in Elections Obeying the

Laws

Required Responsibilities of U.S. Citizenship

Voting in Elections Obeying

the Laws

Defending the Nation

Required Responsibilities of U.S. Citizenship

Voting in Elections Obeying

the Laws

Defending the Nation

Serving on a Jury

Required Responsibilities of U.S. Citizenship

Voting in Elections Obeying

the Laws

Defending the Nation

Serving the CommunityServing on

a Jury

Required Responsibilities of U.S. Citizenship

Voting in Elections Obeying

the Laws

Defending the Nation

Serving the CommunityServing on

a JuryBeing

Informed

Required Responsibilities of U.S. Citizenship

Voting in Elections Obeying

the Laws

Defending the Nation

Serving the CommunityServing on

a JuryBeing

Informed