Citizenship in the World

A merit badge workshop presented by

 Constitution Week USA 

www.ConstitutionWeek.com

German Citizenship

Rights• Property• Freedom of speech, with footnote against denial of

Nazi war crimes• German Social Security System

o unemployment, health, pension, sickness, carer's insurance, maternity benefits, child allowances

German Citizenship

Duties• Stay righteous• Learn about the German Government and the

European Union• Vote

German Citizenship

Obligations• Obey German laws• Obey European Union laws• Conscription• Pay taxes

Cuban Citizenship

• Communist Government• Constitution of the Republic of Cuba• 1992• Openly embraces socialism, communism,

Marxism, and Leninism

Cuban Citizenship

Rights• No private property, except small farmers• No private industry• “The state organizes, directs and controls the economic

life of the nation”• “Everyone has the right to health protection and care”• “Citizens have freedom of speech and of the press in

keeping with the objectives of socialist society…. The law regulated the exercise of those freedoms.”

Cuban Citizenship

Obligations• Obey law• “The law regulates the military service which

Cubans must do.”• “Defense of the socialist homeland is the greatest

honor and the supreme duty of every Cuban citizen.”

Cuban Citizenship

Duties• “Work in a socialist society is a right and duty and

a source of pride for every citizen.”

• “Every worker has the duty to faithfully carry tasks corresponding to him at his job.”

Contrast With U.S.

• Cuban Constitution of 1992 o “Citizens have freedom of speech and of the press in keeping

with the objectives of socialist society…. The law regulated the exercise of those freedoms.”

• US Constitution, Ammendment 1 o “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of

religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.”

National Interest

• Security interests• Economic interests• Government philosophy• Morals

o Religiono Charity

Current World Event

US and the War on Terror

• Relationship with other countries• Security interests• Economic interests• Government philosophy• Morals

o Religiono Charity

Switzerland

• Founded in 1291• Cold winters, cool summers• Tourists, ski resorts• Hydropower, timber, salt• Military guns at home (~ 1 in 3)• History of neutrality• Anonymous banking

Jungfrau

Pizbuin

International Law

• Difficult to form• Difficult to enforce• Coordinates trade• Solve problems and resolve disputes

o World Courto United Nations

International Law

Thomas Jefferson

• “Peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all nations – entangling alliances with none.”

United Nations

• save succeeding generations from the scourge of war

• promote fundamental human rights• promote international law• promote social progress

The Scourge of War Since 1945

• 140 wars listed• 32 wars in bold• 44 civil wars not listed

The Scourge of War Since 1945

1961-1974 Angolan War of Independence 1963-1974 Guinea-Bissauan War of Independence 1964-1974 Mozambican War of Independence 1961 Invasion of Goa 1962 Sino-Indian War 1962 Indonesian Annexation of Western New Guinea 1962-1966 Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation 1962-1975 Dhofar Rebellion 1963 Sand War 1963-1967 Shifta War 1964-Present Colombian Armed Conflict 1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 1965-1989 South African Border War 1966-1988 Namibian War of Independence 1966-1979 Second Chimurenga(Rhodesian Bush War) 1967 Chola Incident 1967 Six-Day War (Third Arab-Israeli War) 1967-1989 Second Malayan Emergency 1967-Present Communist Insurgency in the Philippines 1968 Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia

1945-1949 Indonesian National Revolution 1946-1954 First Indochina War 1947-1948 Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 1947-1949 First Arab-Israeli War 1950-1953 Korean War 1950-present (Ongoing)Chinese Invasion/ Occupation of Tibet 1952-1955 Tunisian War of Independence 1952-1960 Mau Mau Uprising 1954-1975 Second Indochina War 1959-1975 Vietnam War 1954-1962 Algerian War of Independence 1956-1957 Suez War (Second Arab-Israeli War) 1956 Hungarian Uprising 1956-1959 Cuban Revolution 1957-1958 Ifni War 1958 Lebanon Crisis of 1958 1960-1965 "Congo Crisis" 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion 1961-1991 Eritrean War of Independence 1961-1974 Portuguese Colonial War

The Scourge of War Since 1945

1978-1979 Uganda-Tanzania War 1978-1987 Chadian-Libyan conflict 1979 Sino-Vietnamese War 1979-1989 Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War 1980-present (ongoing) Internal Conflict in Peru 1981 Paquisha War 1981-1986 Ugandan Bush War 1982 Falklands War 1982 Israeli Invasion of Lebanon 1983 U.S. Invasion of Grenada 1984-present (ongoing) Kurdish insurgency in Turkey 1984-present (ongoing) Free Papua Movement 1984 Siachin War 1985 Agacher Strip War 1987-1993 First Intifada 1988-present (ongoing) Casamance Conflict 1986-1992 Somalian Revolution 1992-1994 Operation Restore Hope 1994-2006 War between Somali clans

1968-1970 War of Attrition 1969-Present Islamic Insurgency in the Philippines 1969 Football War 1969 Sino-Soviet border conflict 1969-1994 The Troubles in Northern Ireland 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War 1971 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 1972 Libya-Sudan conflict 1973 Yom Kippur War (Fourth Arab-Israeli War) 1974 Turkish Invasion of Cyprus 1975-1991 Western Sahara conflict 1975-1978 Indonesian invasion of East Timor 1975-1998 East Timorese War of Independence 1975-2006 Independence War in Cabinda 1975-1989 Cambodian-Vietnamese War 1976-1983 Argentina's "Dirty War" 1977 Libyan-Egyptian War 1977-1978 Ogaden War 1978 Israeli Invasion of Lebanon 1978-2005 The Aceh War

The Scourge of War Since 1945

1992 War of Transnistria 1992-present (ongoing) Conflict in the Niger Delta 1993-present (ongoing) Ethnic conflict in Nagaland, India 1993-present (ongoing) Brazilian gang violence 1994-1996 First Chechen War 1995 Hanish Islands Crisis 1995 1995 Iraqi Kurdistan War 1995 NATO bombing of Republika Srpska 1995 Cenepa War 1996-1997 First Congo War 1997 Unrest in Albania 1997 1997 Iraqi Kurdistan War 1998-2000 Ethiopia-Eritrea War 1998 U.S. bombings of Afghanistan and Sudan 1998 U.S. bombing of Iraq 1998-2003 Second Congo War 1999-2006 Ituri Conflict 1999 Kargil War 1999 Dagestan War 1999-present (ongoing) Second Chechen War

2006 Rise of the Islamic Courts Union 1988-1994 Nagorno-Karabakh war 1989-1991 Mauritania-Senegal Border War 1989-1990 U.S. Invasion of Panama 1989 Romanian Revolution 1984-present (ongoing) Kashmir conflict2006-present War in Somalia 2007-present Islamist insurgency in Somalia 1990-1991 Gulf War 1990-1998 Tuareg Rebellion 1991-2001 Yugoslav Wars 1991 Slovenian War 1991-1995 Croatian War of Independence 1992-1995 Bosnian War 1996-1999 Kosovo War 2000-2001 Preševo valley crisis 2001 Macedonia conflict 1991-1992 South Ossetian War 1992-1993 War in Abkhazia 1991-1992 Ossetian-Ingush conflict

The Scourge of War Since 1945

2000-2006 Al-Aqsa Intifada 2000-present (ongoing) Conflict in Laos involving the Hmong 2001 Macedonia conflict 2001 Indo-Bangladesh Border Conflict of 2001 2001-present (ongoing) War in Afghanistan (2001–present) 2003-present (ongoing) Balochistan conflict, Pakistan 2003-present (ongoing) Central African War 2003-present (ongoing) Darfur conflict, Sudan 2005-present (ongoing) Chad-Sudan conflict 2003-present (ongoing) Iraq War 2004-present (ongoing) Waziristan War 2004 Haiti rebellion 2004-2007 Sa'dah conflict 2004-present (ongoing) South Thailand insurgency 2006-2006 Lebanon War 2006-present (ongoing) War in Somalia 2007-present Second Tuareg Rebellion 2007-present Ogaden conflict 2007 (ongoing) North Lebanon conflict2008 Russia invades South Ossetia, Georgia

UN Human Rights Commission

Successes• Highlights human-rights abuses around the

world.• Applies pressure for reform.

UN Human Rights Commission

Failures• Libya was elected to head the commission in 2003• Sudan was elected to head the commission in 2004• Some commission members have miserable

human-rights records: China, Cuba, Zimbabwe, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Algeria, Syria, Libya, and Vietnam.

UN Humanitarian Assistance

Successes• Works with other relief organizations, such as the

Red Cross• Provides food, water, shelter to missions displaced

by war, famine, or natural disasters.• World Food Program (serves 110 million people in

80 countries)• High Commissioner for Refugees (projects 116

countries)

UN Humanitarian Assistance

Failures• Oil-For-Food Program

World Court

• International Court of Justice• Primary judicial organ of the UN• 15 judges elected to 9-year terms by the UN• No common moral foundation among

nations’ judges

World Organization of theScout Movement

• World Scout Jamboree• Promote scouting world wide• BP: "The roots of Scouting have grown among young

people of all civilised countries and are developing more each day. It might be thought that if in years to come, a considerable proportion of the future citizens of each nation forms part of this brotherhood, they will be joined by a bond of personal friendship and mutual understanding such as has never existed before, which will help to find a solution to terrible international conflicts."

International Committee of theRed Cross

• Impartial, neutral, and independent• Exclusively humanitarian• Provide assistance to victims of war

Find: US, England, Cuba, Libya, and Germany

Passport & Visa

US Passports Visa

The End