Chapter 7 Skin Structure, Growth, and Nutrition · Chapter 7 Skin Structure, Growth, and Nutrition...
Transcript of Chapter 7 Skin Structure, Growth, and Nutrition · Chapter 7 Skin Structure, Growth, and Nutrition...
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Chapter 7
Skin Structure, Growth,
and Nutrition
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“The happiest life is that which constantly
exercises and educates what is best in us.”
– Hamerton
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Objectives
• Describe the structure and composition of the skin.
• List the functions of the skin.
• List the classes of nutrients essential for good health.
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• List the food groups and dietary guidelines
recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA).
• List and describe the vitamins that can help the skin.
Objectives (continued)
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Anatomy of the Skin
• Dermatology
– The medical branch of science that deals with the
study of skin and its nature, functions, diseases,
and treatment
• Dermatologist
– A physician engaged in the science of treating the
structures, functions, and diseases of the skin
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• Cosmetologist
– One skilled in the cleansing, beautification, and health
preservation of the skin
• Esthetician
– Specializes in cleansing, beautification, and health
preservation of the skin
Anatomy of the Skin (continued)
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Skin Specifics
• Largest organ of the body
• Covers two square yards
• Weighs about nine pounds
• Protects muscles, bones, nerves
• Barrier against environment
• Thinnest skin on eyelids
• Thickest skin on soles of feet
• Continued pressure causes callus
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Healthy Skin
• Slightly moist
• Soft and flexible
• Smooth and fine-grained
• Possesses slightly acid reaction
• Reacts quickly to touch
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Appendages of the Skin
• Hair
• Nails
• Sweat glands
• Oil glands
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Divisions of the Skin
• Epidermis
• Dermis
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Epidermis
• Stratum corneum: horny,
outermost layer
• Stratum lucidum: clear,
transparent layer
• Stratum granulosum:
granular layer
• Stratum spinosum: spiny
layer
• Stratum germinativum:
deepest layer
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Dermis
Dermis is the underlying, inner layer of the skin.
• Papillary layer: outer layer beneath epidermis
• Reticular layer: deeper layer of dermis
• Subcutaneous tissue: fatty layer below dermis
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How Skin Is Nourished
• The blood supplies nutrients, molecules from food such
as protein, carbohydrates, and fats, to the skin.
• Nutrients are required for cell life, repair, and growth.
• Lymph bathes skin cells, removes toxins and cellular
waste, and has immune functions.
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Nerves of the Skin
• Motor nerve fibers: cause goose flesh
• Sensory nerve fibers: send messages to brain
• Secretory nerve fibers: regulate perspiration
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Sense of Touch
• Nerve endings found in the papillary layer.
• They register sensations:
– Touch
– Pain
– Heat
– Cold
– Pressure
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Skin Color
• Depends primarily on melanin
• Melanin: tiny grains of pigment in stratum germinativum
– Pheomelanin: red to yellow in color
– Eumelanin: dark brown to black in color
• Heredity: Skin color varies among races (dark skin
contains more melanin).
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Skin Color (continued)
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Strength and Flexibility of Skin
Collagen and elastin give strength, form, and flexibility to
skin.
•Collagen: a fibrous protein allowing skin to stretch and
contract
•Elastin: a protein base that forms elastic tissue; gives skin
elasticity
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Glands of the Skin
• Sudoriferous (sweat)
glands: regulate body
temperature and help
eliminate waste; excretion
of sweat is controlled by
nervous system
• Sebaceous (oil) glands:
secrete sebum that
lubricates skin and
preserves softness
of hair
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Sebaceous Gland Secretions
• Acne: chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands
• Papule: small, round elevation on skin; contains no fluid
but may develop pus
• Pustule: inflamed pimple containing pus
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Functions of the Skin
• Protection
• Sensation
• Heat regulation
• Excretion
• Secretion
• Absorption
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Nutrition and Maintaining
Skin Health
• Essential nutrients
– Carbohydrates
– Fats
– Proteins
– Vitamins
– Minerals
– Water
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Food Pyramid Groups
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Dietary Guidelines
• Eat a variety of foods.
• Eat fruits, vegetables, and grains.
• Eat moderate salt and sugar.
• Drink appropriate amount of water.
• Minimize alcohol intake.
• Exercise appropriately.
• Maintain/improve body weight.
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Maintaining Skin Health
We are what we eat!
• Vitamin A: improves elasticity and thickness
• Vitamin C: accelerates healing process
• Vitamin D: enables absorption of calcium
• Vitamin E: protects against sun’s rays
• Food supplements: should not replace healthful eating
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Water and the Skin
• Comprises 50 to 70 percent of body’s weight
• Sustains the health of cells
• Aids in elimination of toxins and waste
• Helps regulate body temperature
• Aids in proper digestion
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Water Benefits
• Mild dehydration slows metabolism by 3 percent.
• Drinking water reduces hunger pangs.
• Water reduces cracked skin on feet and lips.
• Dehydration causes fatigue.
• Drop in body water of 2 percent can cause fuzzy, short-
term memory.
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Summary and Review
• Define dermatology.
• Briefly describe healthy skin.
• Name the main divisions of the skin and the layers within
each division.
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• List three types of nerve fibers found in the skin.
• Name the two types of glands contained within the skin
and describe their functions.
• What are collagen and elastin?
Summary and Review (continued)
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• Explain how collagen and elastin can be weakened.
• What are six important skin functions?
• What are six classes of nutrients the body needs and
how are they obtained?
Summary and Review (continued)
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• What are the five basic food groups?
• Can the skin be nourished with cosmetics?
• Name four vitamins than can help the skin and describe
how they help
• What is the one essential item that no person can live
without, and why is it essential to the skin and body?
Summary and Review (continued)
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You have completed one unit of study
toward course completion.
Congratulations!