Chapter 7 Section 3. U.S. & China Although the U.S. had been trading with nations like Japan in...
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Transcript of Chapter 7 Section 3. U.S. & China Although the U.S. had been trading with nations like Japan in...
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Chapter 7Section 3
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U.S. & China
• Although the U.S. had been trading with nations like Japan in Asia, the Chinese market excited American business leaders, especially those in the clothing (textiles), oil, and steel industries.
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War in Asia
• In 1894 China and Japan went to war over Korea, part of the Chinese empire. – Japan had easily crushed
China.
• The peace treaty gave Japan a region of China called Manchuria.
• Russia did not like this because Manchuria bordered Russia.
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Manchuria
• The Russians forced Japan to return Manchuria, then demanded that China lease it to Russia.
• The territory would still belong to China but be under Russian control.
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Sphere of Influence
• Then Germany, France, and Britain also wanted China to lease territory to them.
• Each leased area became the center of a sphere of influence where a foreign nation controlled economic development.
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Open Door Policy
• The United States supported an Open Door policy in which all countries could trade with China.
• The U.S. Secretary of State asked nations with leaseholds in China to allow other nations to trade freely within China.
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Boxer Rebellion
• In the meantime, secret Chinese societies such as the Boxers were working to rid China of foreign control.
• In the 1900 Boxer Rebellion, the Boxers seized foreign embassies in Beijing and killed more than 200 foreigners.
• An international force crushed the rebellion.
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Election of 1900
• In the election of 1900, Theodore Roosevelt was President McKinley’s running mate. They won. On September 6, 1901, McKinley was shot by an anarchist. He died a few days later.
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TR
• At 42, Roosevelt became the youngest president ever.
• Roosevelt supported the Open Door policy in China.
• He also helped to end a war between Japan and Russia in 1905.
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Panama Canal • In 1903, Roosevelt decided to
build a canal through Panama, which was then part of Colombia.
• President Roosevelt felt that a canal through central America was important to American’s power in the world.
• The United States offered Colombia $10 million and a yearly rent for the right to build the canal.
• Colombia refused the offer.
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Colombia & Panama
• The people of Panama, however, wanted the benefits of having a canal.
• They also wanted independence from Colombia. Officials in Panama planned an uprising.
• Roosevelt sent ships to prevent Colombia from interfering.
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Panama’s Independence
• In 1903, the United States recognized Panama’s independence, and the two nations signed a treaty allowing the canal to be built.
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Roosevelt Corollary• Roosevelt’s approach to
diplomacy came to be called the Roosevelt Corollary.
• It stated that the United States would intervene in Latin America when necessary to help the Western Hemisphere stay stable.
• The Roosevelt Corollary was first used to help the Dominican Republic, which had fallen behind on its debt payments to Europe.
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Dollar Diplomacy
• President Taft continued Roosevelt’s policies but focused more on industry development than military force. – This became known as
dollar diplomacy.
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Mexico
• Porfirio Díaz ruled Mexico until 1911. – Under his rule, most
Mexicans were poor and landless.
– They revolted.
• Francisco Madero replaced Díaz, but he proved to be a poor leader.
• General Victoriano Huerta had Madero murdered and seized power IN 1913.
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Wilson’s Attitude on Mexico
• President Wilson opposed imperialism, but he believed that the United States should promote democracy. – He therefore refused to recognize Huerta’s
government. • In April 1914, American sailors visiting Mexico
were arrested for entering a restricted area. – Mexico quickly released them, but refused to
apologize.
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Overthrowing Huerta
• Wilson used this as an opportunity to overthrow Huerta. – Anti-American riots
followed this action.
• Venustiano Carranza became the Mexican president.
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Pancho Villa
• Mexican forces opposed to Carranza carried out raids into the United States.
• Guerrillas led by Pancho Villa burned the town of Columbus, New Mexico.
• Sixteen Americans died. • Guerrilla fighters use
surprise attacks and sabotage instead of open warfare.
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American Response
• Wilson sent General “Blackjack” John Pershing and his soldiers or troops into Mexico to capture Villa, but they failed.
• Wilson’s actions in Mexico hurt U.S. foreign relations.
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Latin America
• Wilson continued to interfere in Latin American countries in an attempt to help support democracy.
• An example involved him negotiating exclusive rights for naval bases and a canal with Nicaragua.