CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.
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Transcript of CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation.
CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM
Section 1: Industry and Transportation
OBJECTIVES
Summarize the key developments in the transportation revolution of the early 1800s
Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in the early 1800s
Describe some of the leading inventions and industrial developments in the early 1800s
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
New methods of transportation and manufacturing goods changed the way people lived and worked US set on a course of industrialization
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
Original 13 states along Atlantic coast Major settlements along harbors/rivers
Easier to transportation
19th century Transportation carts, wagons, sleighs, stagecoaches pulled by
horses or oxen on dirt roads
IMPROVING THE ROADS Turnpikes
Roads for which users had to pay a toll Toll income meant to be used to pay for new roads
Very few turnpikes actually made money
Most failed to lower transportation costs or increase the speed of travel
National Road Country’s lone decent route made of crushed rock Extended from Maryland to the Ohio River in 1818
STEAMBOAT GOES COMMERCIAL Steamboat
1st major major advancement in transportation Robert Fulton, the Clermont
Steamboat made travel easier to travel upstream against a current
Used to take 4 months to travel 1,440 miles from New Orleans to Louisville, KY along MS and OH Rivers steamboat made it in 20 days (1820) 6 days (1838)
Revolutionized transatlantic travel
1850, steamship crossed Atlantic in 10-14 days, compared to 25-50 days for a sailing ship
CANALS BOOM Canals
2nd transportation advance of the early 1800s Nations canal network grew from 100 miles in 1816 to 3,300
miles in 1840 Provided efficient water transportation that linked farms to
the expanding cities
Eerie Canal Best known canal of the era Completed in 1825 Ran 363 miles across NY state from Lake Eerie to the Hudson
River Before the canal it could cost $100 to ship a ton of freight
overland from the Buffalo City to NYC The canal lowered that cost to $4
Eerie Canal helped make NYC the nation’s greatest commercial center City grew Canal also enhanced the value of farmland in the Great Lakes
Region
RAILROADS FURTHER EASE TRANSPORT
Railroads Most dramatic advance in the
1800s Technology mostly developed in
Great Britain Used horses first, then developed
steam powered engines Cost less to build than canals and
could scale hills easier Trains moved faster than ships
and carried more weight Ex. a journey from NYC to Detroit, MI
took 28 days by boat in 1800, but in 1857 the same trip took 2 days by train
CHECKPOINT
What were the major developments in transportation between 1800 and 1860
WRITE IT DOWN IN YOUR NOTES
HOMEWORK
For homework, students will make a chart titled “Transportation and Industry” and they will list the causes and effects of each new transportation improvement from 1800-1860.
TECHNOLOGY SPARKS INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
Industrial Revolution Began in Great Britain in
1700s Machines that were
powered by steam or flowing rivers to perform work originally done by hand
Slater Samuel Slater, skilled
worker built nation’s 1st water-powered textile mill in 1793 in Pawtucket, RI “Father of the Industrial
Revolution” Later built more factories
family system
MASSACHUSETTS INDUSTRY
Francis Cabot Lowell 1811, toured England’s factory towns After tour, he was able to organize a
company Boston Associates 1813, Associates built their first mill in Waltham,
MA (cloth manufacturer) 1820s, built more factories on Merrimac River and
established a new town called Lowell
“Lowell girls” Young, unmarried girls recruited from neighboring
farms After a few years, mist of the young girls left, got
married, and had kids
FACTORY WORK CHANGES LIVES
Machines increased the speed of work and divided labor into many small tasks done by separate workers Process reduced the amount of skill needed and training
required Factory owners can save money Machines only make cloth or thread as opposed to final
product
Checkpoint: What changes occurred in the United States with the rise of
industry in the early 1800s Increased the speed and volume of the production of goods
such as cloth and shoes. It also reduced the amount of skill and training needed for workers who made those goods. Factories in cities grew because of the rise in industry.
INVENTIONS TRANSFORM INDUSTRY & AGRICULTURE
Interchangeable parts Helped make factories more efficient Eli Whitney introduced the idea
Stop assembling weapons one at a time manufacture each individual part
Innovation quickens communication 1837, Samuel F.B. Morse invented the electric telegraph
allowed electrical pulses to travel long distances along metal wires as coded signals MORSE CODE
Agriculture Remained the largest industry despite new innovations
Only helped farms become more productive and being able to raise larger crops
1815, sold only 1/3 of harvest 1840, steel plow by John Deere and mechanical reaper by Cyrus
McCormick 1860, the previous share doubled (partly because of greater
fertility of Midwest soil)
QUESTION
What were the key inventions between 1820 and 1860? The system of interchangeable parts, the
sewing machine, the telegraph, the plow, and the reaper