Nationalism and Sectionalism (1815-1824)
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Transcript of Nationalism and Sectionalism (1815-1824)
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Explain how the Monroe
Doctrine and the concept of
Manifest Destiny affected the
United States’ relationships
with foreign powers...
Compare the economic
development in different
regions (the South, the North,
And the West) of the United
States during the early
nineteenth century, including
ways that economic policy
contributed to political
controversies.
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182018161812
180818041800
NOTE:
This is the last election in which the Federalist Party participated in a national election.
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James Monroe (R-VA)
Fifth President of the U.S.1817-1825
Last of the “Virginia Dynasty”
Continental Army Veteran
Former Antifederalist
“Era of Good Feeling”Re-election nearly unanimous
http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/jamesmonroe
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Henry Clay’s “American System”
1. National Bank– First B.U.S. had expired in 1811
2. Internal Improvements– Infrastructure (roads, bridges, canals)
3. Protective Tariff– Build and protect domestic
manufacturing
The Economics of Nationalism
Jeffersonian or Hamiltonian?
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Henry Clay’s “American System”
1. National Bank– Second B.U.S. chartered in 1816
2. Internal Improvements
3. Protective Tariff– Tariff of 1816
The Economics of Nationalism
Strict or Loose Construction?
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Wait... There’s more!
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Calhoun’s “Bonus Bill”“for constructing roads and canals, and improving the navigation of water courses, in order to facilitate… internal commerce among the several States, and to render more easy and less expensive the means and provisions for the common defense…”
Calhoun
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QUESTION:Is an election map always an accurate measure of the national political climate?
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NORTH SOUTH WEST
EconomyCommerce
ManufacturingAgriculture
Agriculture
Developing
Political Leaders
Daniel
WebsterJohn C.
CalhounHenry
Clay
Political Issues
Tariff (+)
Slavery (-)
Tariff (-)
Slavery (+)
InternalImprovements
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Henry Clay’s “American System”The Economics of Nationalism
Who Benefits? Who doesn’t?
1. National Bank– First B.U.S. had expired in 1811
2. Internal Improvements– Infrastructure (roads, bridges, canals)
3. Protective Tariff– Build and protect domestic
manufacturing
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The Missouri Question
The First Crisis of the Union
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS:
1. Are all states in the Union equal, or are some “more equal than others”?
2. Can Congress impose conditions on new states that all states don’t have to follow?
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Tallmadge Amendment(1819)
"And provided, That the further introduction of slavery or involuntary servitude be prohibited…
and that all children born within the said State, after the admission thereof into the Union, shall be free at the age of twenty-five years."
Rep. James Tallmadge, Jr.(R- NY)
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Bicameralism at Work“Concurrent Majority”
SENATE HOUSE
Passed
withTallmadge
Amendment
Passed
withoutTallmadge
Amendment
CONFERENCE
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The Man of the Hour…
Henry Clay’s
Compromise Proposal:
1. Admit Maine as a Free State
2. Admit Missouri as a Slave State
3. Prohibit slavery in the territories of the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36˚30’ parallel.
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36˚30’
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SLAVERY
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The Sage of Monticello…
Slavery
Primary Source: Jefferson to John Holmes, April 22, 1820
The South
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A South Carolina Perspective…
During the debate, Charles Pinckney (SC) defended slavery as a positive good.
Pinckney’s opinions did not hold much water outside of South Carolina at the time, but as Northerners continued to criticize slavery, more Southerners began to defend the institution.
Pinckney’s SpeechPinckney
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Bicameralism at Work“Concurrent Majority”
SENATE
Passed
Clay’s Compromise
Passed
Clay’s Compromise
HOUSE
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Crisis Averted… Let’s Review
Henry Clay’s
Compromise Proposal:
1. Admit Maine as a Free State
2. Admit Missouri as a Slave State
3. Prohibit slavery in the territories of the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36˚30’ parallel.
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The American Colonization Society
• Founded 1816
• Liberia
– Colony established in Africa
– Capital: Monrovia
Henry ClayCharter Member
aka: The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America
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Notable Members of ACS
• James Madison (U.S. President)
• James Monroe (U.S. President)
• Daniel Webster (U.S. Senator)
• Stephen Douglas (U.S. Senator)
• Henry Clay (Speaker of the House)
• Francis Scott Key (The Star Spangled Banner)
• John Marshall (Chief Justice)
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Membership Certificate signed by James Madison
Sold for $928 in
2006
Madison served as President of the ACS
from 1833-1836
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The Cotton Gin
Mechanizedcotton
productionEli Whitney
Of Massachusetts
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From Harper’s Weekly (1869)
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“King Cotton”
The South’s dependence
on slavery0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
1830 1860
Cotton Production
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The (in)Effectiveness of Colonization
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
4,500,000
1820 1860
Number of Slaves in U.S.
Number of Freed Slaves Colonized
2,500,000 / 12,000 = 208
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OuLWgVOLbG4
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The Monroe Doctrine“The American continents… are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers. . .”
-- From Monroe’s Seventh Annual Message
EUROPE: KEEP OUT!!!
READ MY
NEW
COLONIES
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