Chapter 7- Foreign Affairs in the Early Republic Section 2- The War of 1812 California Standards -...
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Transcript of Chapter 7- Foreign Affairs in the Early Republic Section 2- The War of 1812 California Standards -...
Chapter 7-Foreign Affairs in the
Early Republic
Section 2- The War of 1812California Standards - 8.5, 8.5.1,
Looking Back, Looking Ahead
• Beginning in 1812, the United States went to war with Britain. Fighting took place in the United States, in Canada, and at sea.
Focusing on the Main Idea
• In 1812 the United States was at war with Britain and was unprepared from the onset.
• Even though the last battle of the war, the Battle of New Orleans, took place two weeks after the war had officially ended, the American victory there instilled a strong sense of national pride.
Places and People to Know
• Detroit• Lake Erie• William Hull• Oliver Hazard Perry• Andrew Jackson• Francis Scott Key
Vocabulary to know
• frigate• privateer• consist• assemble• economy
Did You Know?
• Although Francis Scott Key wrote the lyrics in 1814 of what was eventually called “The Star-Spangled Banner,”it originally was called “Defence of Fort McHenry”and was not adopted as our national anthem until March 3, 1931.
Where Did Hull take the US Troops?
• The United States did not have a large army at the beginning of the War of 1812.
• In July 1812 General William Hull led troops from Detroit toward Canada and encountered Tecumseh and his warriors.
• Hull surrendered Detroit.
What Were Some Important Battles of 1812?
• Oliver Hazard Perry, commander of the Lake Erie naval forces assembled a fleet to seize the lake from the British.
• In a bloody battle, Perry’s forces defeated British troops.
• Tecumseh was killed in the Battle of the Thames on October 5, 1813.
• By the end of 1813 the Americans had won some battles on land and at sea.
How Did the Americans Fight the British on the Sea?
• Americans had three of the fastest frigates, or warships, afloat that successfully destroyed British ships.
• American privateers, armed private ships, also captured numerous British vessels.
Who Did the US fight Against On Land?
• Andrew Jackson, a Tennessee planter, led an attack against the Creek in March 1814.
• Defeat at The Battle of Horseshoe Bend forced the Creek to give up their lands to the United States.
Discussion Question
• What happened at The Battle of Horseshoe Bend?
• (Andrew Jackson defeated the Creek people, who then gave up their lands to the United States.)
What Was the British Offensive?
• In August 1814 the British sailed into Chesapeake Bay and over powered American troops outside Washington, D.C.
• The British marched into the city and burned the Capitol and the White House.
Who Wrote the Star-Spangled Banner?
• The British left Washington, D.C., and sailed to Baltimore.
• American troops were waiting in Baltimore when the British attacked.
• Francis Scott Key wrote a song about the battle that is now the national anthem, “The Star-Spangled Banner.”
Why Did The British Stop?• British troops entered New
York State from Canada to capture Plattsburgh, a key city on the shore of Lake Champlain.
• An American naval force on Lake Champlain defeated the British, and they retreated to Canada.
• The British decided that to continue fighting would cost them too much with little to gain.
What Was the Treaty of Ghent?
• On December 24, 1814, the United States and Britain signed a peace agreement called the Treaty of Ghent.
What Made the Federalist Party Look Unpatriotic?
• Before news of the treaty became known, another battle broke out in New Orleans. The Americans, led by Andrew Jackson, won the battle.
• New England Federalists gathered at the Hartford Convention in December 1814 and discussed secession.
• Word arrived about Jackson’s victory in New Orleans and the peace treaty.
• The Federalist party appeared unpatriotic.
Discussion Question
• What inspired Francis Scott Key to write “The Star-Spangled Banner”?
• (Key was in Baltimore when the British fought American troops at Fort McHenry. In the morning after a night of fighting, Key could see the flag still flying over the fort, and this inspired him to write the song.)
Section 2 ReviewPage 359
• 1. Who won the Battle of Lake Champlain? Why was it an important victory?
• 2. What were the effects of the Battle of New Orleans?
• 4. Why did the Federalists Party lose support after the War of 1812?
• 6. Explain the relationship between Britain’s war with France and the War of 1812 and the Treaty of Ghent.