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Chapter 7: Ethnicity

The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography

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Ethnicity pg 208

•  Ethnicity = from the Greek ethnikos, meaning “national” – Ethnicities share a cultural identity with

people from the same homeland – Ethnicities have distinctive cultural traits

•  what makes ethnicity different from language or religion?

•  Race = people who share a biological ancestor

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Case Study/Ethnic Diversity in America (pg 208)

•  How does President Barack Obama represent the complexity of ethnic diversity in the Unites States?

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Key Issue 1 Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?

Pgs 208-217

•  Distribution of Ethnicities in the Unites States (pg 208)

•  Distribution of ethnicities in the United States –  Hispanics (Latinos) = 15 percent of the U.S. population –  African Americans = 13 percent of the U.S. population –  Asian Americans = 4 percent of the U.S. population –  American Indians = 1 percent of the U.S. population

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Key Issue 1 Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?

Pgs 208-217

Figure 7-1

• Clustering of Ethnicities (pg 209) •  1. in particular regions; 2. In neighborhoods

within cities • REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF ETHNICITIES:

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Key Issue 1 Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?

Pgs 208-217

Figure 7-2

REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF ETHNICITIES: (pg 209)

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Key Issue 1 Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?

Pgs 208-217

Figure 7-3

REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF ETHNICITIES: (pg 209)

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Key Issue 1 Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?

Pgs 208-217

Figure 7-4

REGIONAL CONCENTRATION OF ETHNICITIES:

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Key Issue 1 Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?

Pgs 208-217 – Concentration of Ethnicities Cities (pg 210)

•  90 percent of African Americans and Hispanics live in cities

•  Remnants of twentieth-century European migration = still evident on the landscape (in what ways??)

•  Example: clustering of restaurants in Little Italy, Greektown

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Distribution of Ethnicities in Chicago and Los Angeles (pg 210, 211)

Figure 7-5 Figure 7-6

Key Issue 1 Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?

Pgs 208-217

Ethnic groups are clustered in different areas.

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Key Issue 1 Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?

Pgs 208-217 – African American Migration Patterns (pg

211) •  Three major migration patterns

–  Forced migration from Africa (eighteenth century) »  The triangular slave trade- ?? »  (what are the parts of the triangular trade?) »  Sharecropper - ??

–  Immigration To The North (pg 212): from the South to northern cities (first half of the twentieth century). The most dramatic change in the distribution of African Americans in the United States.

»  why? (pg 212) »  Identifiable paths of migration

–  Expansion to the Ghetto: (pg 213) »  Immigration out of inner cities to other urban areas

(second half of the twentieth century to present) »  The ghetto

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Triangular Slave Pattern

Figure 7-8

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African American Migration in the United States (Twentieth Century)

Figure 7-10

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Key Issue 1 Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?

Pgs 208-217 •  Differentiating Ethnicity and Race

(pg 213-217)

–  Often confusing – why? (pg 214) –  Race = traits that are shared genetically

•  racism- ?? (pg. 214) •  racist - ?? (pg 214)

–  Biological features within one racial group are highly variable –  Biological classification of people into distinct racial groups is meaningless

•  Race in the United States –  What group is not included on the U. S. Bureau of the

Census list of ‘races’?

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Key Issue 1 Where Are Ethnicities Distributed?

Pgs 208-217 •  Differentiating Ethnicity and Race

(pg 213-217)

–  Spatial effects of racism •  “Separate But Equal” Doctrine (pg 215)

»  which court case? »  What were the results?

•  “White Flight” (pg 215) »  Brown v Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas –

results??? »  Blockbusting (???)

– Division by Race in South Africa (pg 215-216) –  Apartheid (??) in South Africa

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Apartheid

Figure 7-13

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Key Issue 2 Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into

Nationalities? (pg 217) •  Rise of nationalities

•  Nationality = identity with a group of people who share a common allegiance to a particular country

•  Ethnicity - ?? •  Race - ?? •  (Also read pages 223-229 in DeBlij:

–  state - ???? –  Nations - ???; nation-state - ????; stateless nation??? –  (what are they and where are they in the late 20th

century?) –  Nation-states

•  Nation-state??? •  self-determinism-?? •  Examples

–  Denmark: Why? There Are No Perfect Nation-States

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Key Issue 2 Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into

Nationalities? (pg 217) – Nation-states in Europe

•  such as ???

– Nationalism = •  loyalty and devotion to a nationality

–  it’s an example of centripetal force - ???? –  centrifugal force - ???? –  (also- read page 234 “How Do States Spatially

Organize Their Governments?”)

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Key Issue 2 Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into

Nationalities? (pg 217)

Figure 7-15

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Key Issue 2 Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into

Nationalities? (pg 217) •  Multinational states

–  Multiethnic state •  A state with multiple ethnic groups, all of whom might

contribute to a larger national identity –  Example: the United States

–  Multinational state •  A state with multiple ethnic groups who retain their own

distinctive national identity –  Example: the United Kingdom - ??? –  Example: Russia (the largest multinational state)

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Key Issue 2 Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into

Nationalities? (pg 217) –  Former Soviet Union: The Largest Multinational

State: –  Broke up into 15 independent countries: ??

•  New Baltic Nation-States –  Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia

•  New European Nation-States –  Belarus, Moldova (Romanian relationship - ???,

Ukraine

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Key Issue 2 Why Have Ethnicities Been Transformed into

Nationalities? (pg 217-224) •  Revival of Ethnic Identity

–  What centripetal forces did the former Soviet Union use, and for what purpose?

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Ethnicities in Russia

Figure 7-18