Chapter 6 Section 1

POPULATION PATTERNS

The People

5% of world’s pop.Canada: 35.1 millionUS: 319 million 3rd largestAll are immigrants or descendants

Immigration1st wave- land bridge from Asia (Native Americans)

Several waves followed- all groups affected by push-pull factors of that timeWere they alwaysaccepted/appreciated?

REASONS FOR IMMIGRATION- US/Canadareligious or political freedom.economic opportunities.natural resources & rapid industrial development

Engage: REASONS FOR IMMIGRATION

Copy these notes: Reasons for immigration: US/Canada religious or political freedom economic opportunities natural resources & rapid industrial development

Push and pull factors!Choose one of the three: Houston, Sugar Land, or Clements HSOn a sheet of paper, make a T-Chart of push and pull factors for your chosen location.

Immigration1998- 9% of population2002- 11.8% of population2012- 13% of populationAll time high is 14.8% in 1890

What are some things you notice about this map?

Population density & distribution

Canada is larger country…but 8 ppl/sq. mileMost is inhospitable 90% live on border with

US/ middle prairies/ W. Coast

Population density & distribution

US has 77 ppl/sq. mile (NJ is highest)Widely distributedNE/ Great Lakes = most dense (history & industry)

Pacific coast climate, resources, $California #1 state in # (but also bigger)

S and SW = fastest growing (climate, jobs, land space) – The Sun BeltRetirees, immigrants from LA

2000

2006

NATIVE AMERICANSFirst immigrants to America, arrived from

Asia thousands of years ago. 2.5 million in U.S. 700,000 in Canada

Population PatternsTotal population

(2014): ~34 million81% of Canadians live

in urban areasCities serve as

important centers of commerce, education and tradeToronto: largest

Canadian city; NOT THE CAPITAL

Vancouver (British Columbia) handles almost all trade between Canada and Asia

Population PatternsVariety of ethnic groups in Canada90% of population lives within 100 miles

of the U.S.-Canadian borderRugged terrain, cold arctic climates limit

where people can liveMost densely populated areas: ones that

can support agriculture, fishing & trade (near coastlines, Great Lakes)

Westward migration with discovery of oil & natural gas in Prairie Provinces in 1960s

Prairie Provinces:-Alberta-Saskatchewan-Manitoba

U.S. & Canada Economics

Free Market EconomyFree Market: allows people the freedom to own,

operate, and profit from their own businessPros:

Businesses can hire employees & pay themLaws protect private property rights, employment

opportunities & the health and safety of workersUSA & Canada are both post-industrial

societies, which places an emphasis on service & high tech businesses rather than industry & manufacturing

United States vs. CanadaUSA

Mostly, the government does not interfere

Private organizations handle servicesBroadcasting regulated

by the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) but companies like ABC, CBS are privately owned

People choose health care plans---but are now required to have it

CanadaSOME government

interference!Government owns

and administers more services than the USA

Health care is publicly funded, not privatelyCBC: Canadian

Broadcasting Corporation—owned by the government

Manufacturing & Services75% of workers are employed in the

service (TERTIARY!!) industry!Government workersEducation Health careTourismReal EstateBankingEntertainment

Both countries are considered to be post-industrial!

“Retooling” the Rust BeltRust Belt: older, industrial areas around the

Great Lakes whose mills were abandoned when companies moved south towards the SunbeltExample cities—Buffalo, Pittsburgh.Happened in the last third of the 1900s

(around 1969-1999)

Now, these cities are being turned from abandoned mills into tourist areas and public spaces in an effort to bring some new life to the cities

Trade & Interdependence: US & Canada are powerful!

The U.S. is #2 in all world exports, provides 10%+ of all world exportschemicals, agricultural & manufactured goods, and raw

materials (metals, iron ore) are exported—also software!Over half of Canadian exports go to U.S. (more than they

import (trade surplus)

NAFTANorth American Free Trade Agreement

Created in 1994US, Canada & Mexico can trade goods freely—no

restrictions!Is different from the EU because PEOPLE are still not

allowed to flow freely between nationsyou still need a passport to get into Canada & Mexico!

One effect: OUTSOURCING!US businesses are building factories in Mexico Positives: cheaper labor, cheaper goods for Americans,

saves $$Negatives: moves jobs out of U.S., increased

dependence on imports

2008 RecessionUS entered economic downturnCaused by excessive number of home-

mortgage loans (basically, people were borrowing $ and couldn’t pay it back)

EffectsMany homes went into foreclosureStock market became unstableUnemployment roseSome banks failed; others had to be helped by

governmentCanada saw some economic losses, but the

effects weren’t as strong as in the USA

Government Both countries have…

DEMOCRACIES

Constitutions

National govn’t shares power with state/provincial govn’ts.

Supreme court w/ 9 judges

3 branches

Government

U.S. has 3 branches

1. Executive (Pres., Vice Pres., & Cabinet)

2. Judicial (9 judges)3. Legislative (Congress)

• Senate

• House of Representatives

Government Canada has 3 branches

1. Executive (Prime minister, cabinet, and appointed governor-general)

2. Judicial (9 judges)3. Legislative (Parliament)

Senate

House of Commons