Chapter 6Section 1

Objectives:Identify the first steps taken by the Washington Administration

Understand how George Washington established

precedents for other presidents to follow

QUIZ

1. Who was the first secretary of the Treasury Department?

2. What is the nickname for the advisors to the president?

3. What is the name of the law that organized and detailed the roles and functions of the federal courts?

4. The tax passed on whiskey is called an _____ tax.5. The tax on imports from Europe was called a

protective _______________.

QUIZ

1. Who was the first secretary of the State Department?

2. Washington’s first secretary of the War Department?

3. The tax passed on whiskey is called an _____ tax.

What were the names of the two men frequently in conflict in the Washington administration?

4.

5.

Signing of the Constitution of the United States by Thomas Pritchard Rossiter, 1867In 1867, Thomas Pritchard Rossiter painted his Signing of the Constitution of the United States, honoring a group of statesmen that included James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and George Washington, who presided over the Constitutional Convention. Thomas Jefferson, absent because of his duties as ambassador to France, referred to the fifty-five delegates who crafted the Constitution as a gathering of "demigods." (Fraunces Tavern Museum)

Signing of the Constitution of the United States by Thomas Pritchard Rossiter, 1867

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WASHINGTON LEADS• First President, ever• No models to follow• Constitution is more of a

limiting document.

It is meant to prevent Washington, and his successors, from becoming tyrants.

It does not guide Washington or the first Congress in how to run the day to day business of government.

Washington Taking the OathGeorge Washington was the most admired man in eighteenth-century America. Even before the Constitution was ratified, his name was widely proposed for the presidency. "Of all Men you are best fitted to fill that Office," wrote one friend, and indeed, Washington was unanimously elected to serve as the first president of the United States. Along the route from his home at Mount Vernon, Virginia, to his inauguration at New York City, Washington was greeted by cheering crowds, bands, and parades. Barges, decorated in patriotic themes, accompanied him as he crossed the Hudson River. In this painting, the artist captures the enthusiasm and patriotism of the crowd that has gathered to see the general take the oath of office. (Library of Congress)

Washington Taking the Oath

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THE JUDICIAL BRANCHJudiciary Act of 1789

The Constitution did not provide for a federal judiciary. It only stated that there should be a Supreme Court.

Congress had to decide how many judges there would be, how long they would serve, and how they would be appointed.

This Act was one of the first tests of the system of Checks and Balances.

WHY?

John Marshall by Charles B.J. Fevret De St. Memin, crayon, 1801John Marshall (1755–1835) was chief justice of the United States from 1801–1835. He posed for this portrait by the French artist Charles Balthazar Julien Fevret de Saint-Memin in 1801, the year he joined the Court. The artist captured the power and strength with which Marshall would dominate the Court. (Duke University Archives)

John Marshall by Charles B.J. Fevret De St. Memin, crayon, 1801

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THE EXECUTIVE BRANCHWashington begins his cabinet with 3 departments:

Alexander Thomas Henry

Hamilton Jefferson Knox

Secretary Secretary Secretary

of Treasury of State of War

6.1 ORGANIZER

FEDERALISTS VS. REPUBLICANSLeaders

Beliefs

Goals

HAMILTON VS. JEFFERSON

• FEDERALIST• STRONG GOVT• ELITIST/

ARISTOCRAT

• COMMERCIAL/

BUSINESS FOCUS• FAVORS CREDITORS• WANTS A NATIONAL

BANK

• ANTIFEDERALIST• STRONG STATE GOVT• POPULIST/PLAIN

PEOPLE• FARMER/CITIZEN

IDEAL• FAVORS DEBTORS• OPPOSES NATIONAL

BANK

DEBT AND BANK CONTROVERSYPRO CON

• Hamilton• Govt. will assume debt from

war• Northern states war costs

benefited all states, should be paid by all

• Creditors will be paid• Foreign govts. and veterans

will be paid• Broad interpretation of

Constitution

• Jefferson• Southern states already paid

debt• Natl. Bank is unhealthy for

republic• Favors few creditors at expense

of all• Bank is Unconstitutional • Narrow interpretation of

Constitution

COMPROMISE: MOVE THE NATION’S CAPITAL FROM NEW YORK CITY TO A SOUTHERN LOCATION. VIRGINIA BACKS THE PLAN, DEADLOCK RESOLVED, D.C. is BORN

Foreign Debt$11,710,000

Federal Domestic Debt$42,414,000

State Debt$21,500,000

Misc.Revenue

Excise Revenue

(Whiskey, etc.)

Customs Duties

(Tariffs)

Hamilton’s Financial Structure Supported by Revenues

VOCAB!!!

Congressional Pugilists, 1798A cartoonist satirizes the fiercely partisan debates in Congress surrounding the Alien and Sedition Acts. (Library of Congress)

Congressional Pugilists, 1798

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Tax collector scene from Whiskey RebellionIn 1794, the new federal government passed an excise tax on whiskey made from surplus American grains. Farmers in western Pennsylvania rose up in protest against what they considered an unfair assault on their livelihood. Using tactics straight out of the pre-Revolutionary War era, including tarring and feathering the "revenooer" assigned to collect the taxes, the "Whiskey Rebels" challenged the federal government's authority. President Washington met this challenge by assembling an army of almost 13,000 men to put down the Whiskey Rebellion. Critics declared the president's response excessive. Do you agree? (Library of Congress)

Tax collector scene from Whiskey Rebellion

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WHISKEY REBELLION

KEY IDEA:

Hamilton saw the Whiskey Rebellion as an opportunity to show the Federal Governments ability to resolve domestic problems and assert the new government’s authority.

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