Chapter 6: Pre Revolutionary War

French exploration Navigation Acts-1650-73 Enforcement Mercantilism King George’s War (1744-48) George Washington-1754 French and Indian War-1754-

63 Albany Congress British

Treaty of Paris, 1763 Colonists Friction British reaction Problems of unity Indian losses Pontiac’s Rebellion George III Maintain army Proclamation of 1763

French Exploration France began to create a

colonial empire Quebec was already

established near the St. Lawrence River

Both Britain and France began to move into the Ohio River Valley

Established trade for beaver skins

The French traveled around establishing forts Some French came to halt English expansion Antoine Cadillac founded Detroit Robert de La Salle: Mississippi and claimed

Louisiana for Louis XIV New Orleans Indians Aided the French in the beaver trade Disease and firewater

Nova Scotia

New Scotland

The French were moved from this area to Louisiana

Also called the Acadians……Cadians…..Cajuns

The British empire continued salutary neglect, which allowed the

roots of independence to spread

What is Salutary neglect???

Navigation Acts-1650-73 Some attempts were made to control

the colonists Navigation Act- imovie trailer Nav. Acts set rules for colonial trade

Trade only with Britain Keep the French out

Positive effects: Shipbuilding increased Protection from British Navy

Negative effects: Limited manufacturing Low prices Pay high prices for goods

Enforcement

Enforcement was difficult and many didn’t try Corrupt agents 1684: The Massachusetts Bay Colony lost their

charter due to excessive smuggling

Favorable balance of trade for England

Raw materials to mother country to make it self sufficientAffected all colonies

King George’s War (1744-48) Also called the War of Austrian

Sucession (1740-48) Spanish and French formed against

the British in America The only major engagement was at

Louisbourg in New France (Canada) The colonists fought hard for the

fort at Louisbourg At the peace treaty Ft. Louisbourg

was given back to the French which angered the New Englanders who had fought for the fort

Disgruntled French still above them

Georgie The Brits and French were still

fighting over the Ohio River Valley

1754: Virginia’s governor sent George Washington to secure western lands claimed by Va.

Attacked Fort Duquesne (French)

The French retreated, but returned and Washington and men had to retreat and built Fort Necessity

GW surrendered July 4, 1754 (ironic date?)

What if?

French and Indian War (1754-63) Who fought in the war? Fought over beaver skins Most of French forces in Europe (lucky

us) Many Indians supported the French

seeing them as the lesser evil Brits offered money for French and

Indian scalps Before this the colonies hadn’t worked

together on much; Indians laughed at us 1754: Brits called for a colonial

congress in Albany 1754: Albany Congress Attempt at unification 7 colonies To keep Iroquois loyal to Britain Long range effect was colonial unity

Ben Franklin

You will read about the Albany Congress in your documents

Franklin developed a system of home rule which the delegates accepted; colonies didn’t

System of taxation for defense

Colonies didn’t want to give up self taxation powers

Grand Council (leg) President-General (appointed

by the crown)

British Early battles didn’t go well General Edward Braddock British didn’t approve of colonial regulars who used

guerrilla warfare Heavy losses French aided by Indians who also used guerrilla warfare GW had two horses shot out from under him Invasion of Canada failed

Indians Indians began to take advantage of the situation

More attacks on English colonist

Little protection for them esp. after Braddock was killed

Scalping trips within 80 miles of Philly

Local began to pay for Indian scalps $50 for women $130 for men

William Pitt

Pitt was the new British commanderFocused on Canada and less on West IndiesPicked young leadersVictory at Louisbourg-1758Quebec-1759Montreal-1760Treaty of Paris, 1763: French power in America all but gone….Spain took over some French claims in Louisianaand England gained all land east of the MississippiBlankets

French lose their land; Indians who supported the French lost everything

Colonial reaction and Friction

Colonists felt they fought bravely and bore the brunt of the battles

Gained military experience

Shattered the myth of British invulnerability

Friction developed between British and Colonial troops

Document will show this No recognition of American

rank above Captain Washington: Col.

Low opinion of Colonial troops by Brits

American’s were proud of their accomplishments

British Reaction British upset at reluctance

of the colonies to aid in the war

Many American shippers traded with the French Hurt British attempts to

starve out the West Indies

Pitt got support when he offered to reimburse the colonies for expenditures

Bribed to unify

Brits saw colonists as unable to fight, leaving in the middle of battle, etc.

Colonists upset at treatment by Brits

Some would not fight Quakers

Problems of Unity Could it be obtained in the

colonies? Distance b\w colonies Geographic barriers Religious conflicts Nationalities Different governments Class issues Boundary disputes

But there was still some sense of unity after the F and I War

Indian Losses Lost their main allies

against the British Couldn’t play the

Europeans off on each other

Pontiac's Rebellion Ottowa Chief Pontiac 1763: attack British

forts on the frontier in Ohio Territory

Colonists gave the Indians blankets after tensions eased.They were infected with small pox

Fort Michilimackinac On June 2, 1763 a group of

Ojibwe staged a game of baaga'adowe (lacrosse) outside the fort as a ruse to gain entrance.

After gaining entrance to the fort, they killed most of the British inhabitants and held the fort for a year before the British retook it with the provision to offer more and better gifts to the native inhabitants of the area.

Land Gate and palisade where Ojibwa (Chippewa), Sac and Fox gained access to the Fort during the battle of 1763. Heavily blanketed Indian women watched the bagataway game from near the gate with weapons hidden under their blankets.

King George III (The Mad King) Changes in colonial policy

came with his rise to power

The need to maintain an army in the colonies rose

End of salutary neglect Had to pay for the cost of

war Colonies should pay more

George III suffered from porphyria in its most vicious form, although his suffering may have been aggravated by the ill treatment of his doctors. The symptoms of this rare hereditary disease include paralysis, delirium, hypertension, and acute pain, while sufferers pass urine of a purple coloring

Proclamation of 1763

Colonists were not allowed to move past the Appalachian Mountains

Proclamation of 1763 Why would the British

government do this? Will it work? Crash Course #5