Chapter 6 Group Discussion Working Together Makes Sense A discussion is a cooperative exchange of...
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Transcript of Chapter 6 Group Discussion Working Together Makes Sense A discussion is a cooperative exchange of...
![Page 1: Chapter 6 Group Discussion Working Together Makes Sense A discussion is a cooperative exchange of information, opinions, or ideas. Competitive discussions.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062313/56649d6e5503460f94a4ef32/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 6 Group Discussion
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Working Together Makes Sense
• A discussion is a cooperative exchange of information, opinions, or ideas.
• Competitive discussions are in an atmosphere that can cause division among members in a group because they see each other as rivals.
• Cooperative discussions are in an atmosphere that encourages members to work together toward a common goal.
• #1IC- Group discussion is a good way to solve problems because it brings all sides of a problem to the surface for consideration, it allows us to talk each other out of our biases, and people support an idea that they helped to create.
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Working Together Makes Sense
• #10IC- Groups can complete the following tasks:
– 1. A group can help us overcome our reluctance to ask for help.
– 2. It helps us overcome misunderstanding and pools resources for better problem solving.
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Working Together Makes Sense
• #25B- A good group member is open-minded and can interact with fellow group members in a cooperative rather than competitive way.
• #1T/F- Business has discovered that teamwork increases productivity.
• #2T/F- Group discussions should have a goal.
• #3T/F- Discussion is a good problem-solving tool.
• #4T/F- People should be encouraged to change their minds as they hear other ideas during a group discussion.
• #5T/F- People who like to “go with the flow” do not do well at group discussions because they avoid taking responsibility in making the group as successful as possible.
• #26B- Discussions are held back by people who avoid taking responsibility.
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Discussion Formats
• A panel discussion is a relatively informal discussion that takes place before an audience with three or four people in the panel facing the audience. The panelists usually talk directly to each other.
• A forum may follow the panel discussion so that panel members can invite questions and comments from the audience.
• A round table discussion is commonly used in business and industry. 3 to 8 members sit in a circular pattern and talk about a common concern.
• A symposium presents opposing points of view by inviting experts to deliver short speeches on a particular subject. Each speaker faces the audience, and the audience usually asks questions after all speeches.
• A town hall meeting is a large assembly that discusses problems. A vote is sometimes held afterwards.
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Factors for Success
• #27B- We can improve a discussion’s chances for success by paying attention to two physical factors- the size of the group and how group members are seated and one psychological factor, group cohesion.
• #6T/F- Research indicates that 5 to 7 members is the best size for a group.
• #28B- Groups of 4 or fewer are too small, because they lack the diversity needed to give the discussion some spark.
• #7T/F- Every person will talk if the group is small enough.
• #8T/F- Groups of more than seven are often too big.
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Factors for Success
• #9T/F- Quiet people find it hard to talk in large groups.
• #29B- Many large groups delegate work to small groups called committees.
• #9IC- The size of a group affects the group’s effectiveness in the following ways:
– 1. Groups that are too small lack diversity.
– 2. Groups that are too big lack participation.
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Factors for Success
• #2IC- Seating can affect a discussion’s outcome in several ways. If someone takes a central position, that person will dominate the discussion. If a group sits in a circle, everyone is equal. Members who sit too close have more stress.
• #30B- If a group sits in a circle, all participants can look at one another, helping talk flow freely.
• #31B- Space between people is important because confinement produces stress.
• #10T/F- People seated in a circle feel more satisfied with their contributions to a group.
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Factors for Success
• Cohesion occurs in a group when members respect each other, share some common values, and look to each other for support.
• #11T/F- In a noncohesive group, people are more concerned with personal goals.
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Group Problem Solving• #12T/F- Good discussions have a logical, sequential pattern.
• The first step to solve a problem is to define the problem.
• #3IC- A group defines a problem by considering how the problem originated and why it needs to be solved, establishing criteria, and limiting the objective to focus on a specific problem.
• #33B- Most groups should select a recorder who will write down important ideas and other major decisions.
• The second step is to establish criteria, or a set of standards the solution must meet.
• #4IC- A group needs criteria so that unnecessary arguing can be avoided.
• #32B-A group that fails to meet its objectives, members may lose interest.
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Group Problem Solving• The third step is to analyze the problem.
• #34B- To analyze the problem, break it down into small pieces for closer inspection.
• #35B- Analyzing a problem is sometimes called fact-finding.
• #36B- Learning the background of a problem can help us gain insights into why people react to the problem the way they do.
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Group Problem Solving
• The fourth step is to suggest possible solutions.
• #37B- One of the best ways to create solutions is called brainstorming.
• Brainstorming is bombarding the problem with fresh ideas or solutions.
• #13T/F- It is not all right to reject an idea during a brainstorming session.
• #14T/F- Brainstorming sessions are not a good time to decide on practical solutions.
• The fifth step is to evaluate each solution.
• #38B- The best solution is the one that most clearly fits the criteria.
• The final step is to suggest ways to test the solution.
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Self-help Groups
• #39B- Self-help groups exist for a great variety of personal problems.
• #15T/F- People who join self-help groups may be better off, emotionally and physically, than those who face their problems alone.
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Managing Conflict
• #16T/F- A good discussion does not avoid conflict.
• #40B- Only when we entertain conflicting ideas can we understand how complex most problems really are.
• #41B- Discussion is not worth the trouble unless a genuine problem is at stake.
• #5IC- Conflict can play a positive role in a discussion because constructive conflict allows members to use differences to find the best ideas.
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Managing Conflict
• Some group members are disruptive to discussions.
• #42B- Nitpickers want everything spelled out and will argue until they get what they want.
• #43B- Eager beavers want to offer a solution whether or not they have given any thought.
• #44B- Fence sitters don’t dare take a position until they’re sure what the “key people” will say.
• #45B- Wisecrackers are the group clowns, people who seek attention.
• #46B- Superior beings look down their noses at the whole business of the group.
• #47B- Dominators don’t know when to stop talking.
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How to Contribute to a Discussion
• #48B- A group can only be as effective as its weakest member.
• If people don’t contribute, the group’s effectiveness declines.
• #6IC- The five ways to present your ideas to a group are
– 1. Be clear and simple,
– 2. Encourage others to respond to you,
– 3. Be interesting,
– 4. Offer reasons to what you say,
– 5. Think before speaking.
• #17T/F- People are more likely to support a decision they helped to shape.
• #49B- Everyone who participates in a discussion must also be an active listener.
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How to Contribute to a Discussion
• #18T/F- Advance preparation will help a discussion go more smoothly.
• #50B- A discussion leader should pay the greatest attention to matters of procedure.
• #51B- A leader becomes a mediator to whom participants can turn when disagreements threaten to get out of control.
• #52B- A leader, who is first and foremost a moderator, must get the discussion started, keep it moving, and bring it to a close.
• #53B- Good leaders strive for balanced participation.
• #19T/F- The leader of a group does not have to be the person who knows more about the issue than anyone else.
• #20T/F- A leader should not ask evaluative questions at the beginning of a discussion.
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How to Contribute to a Discussion
• #21T/F- Leaders should draw out timid people by asking them direct questions.
• #22T/F- Timid people are more likely to comment on an idea already under discussion.
• #24T/F- A group should choose a leader and not let the leader emerge naturally.
• #54B- If several speakers try to speak at once, preference should be given to the one who has spoken less.
• #55B- Leaders should provide occasional paraphrases of what someone has said.
• #56B- Leaders should provide frequent summaries of what the group has accomplished so far.
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How to Contribute to a Discussion
• #7IC- The roles and responsibilities of a leader are
– 1. Knowing how to run a meeting,
– 2. Knowing the members of the group,
– 3. Knowing the issue
– 4. Providing encouragement to all group members,
– 5. Bringing the group to a consensus.
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Getting a Meeting Started
• One way to start a meeting is by asking a question.
• Questions of fact ask group members to recall information that involves the problem. (ex: How many tardies did we have this week?)
• Questions of interpretation ask members to give their opinions on what the information means. (ex: How can we reduce the number of tardies?)
• Questions of evaluation ask members to agree or disagree with the possible solutions and to make value judgments. (ex: Is this new tardy plan good for our school?)
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Getting a Meeting Started
• Good interpretive questions are the best way to start a meeting.
• #8IC- Good interpretive questions contain the following qualities
– 1. They contain doubt.
– 2. They can be answered.
– 3. They are likely to interest the group.
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Closing a Meeting
• Consensus means a nearly unanimous agreement among the group’s members about a particular solution.
• Group think is the desire to go along with the group and abandoning their own personal beliefs.
• #23T/F- You should never give up an opinion even if it means a group can reach a consensus.