Chapter 5 Section 4 The Glory That Was Greece

Reason •The Greeks Believed that events were caused by reason •Philosophers studied many kinds of subjects •Math to Music / Ethics and Moral behavior

• Asked Questions like “what type of government is best?”

“We cultivate the mind, we are lovers of the beautiful, yet simple in our tastes”

-Pericles

Sophists •Questioned ideas about truth and justice •Success was more important that truth and justice •Urged students to develop skills in RHETORIC: The art of skillful speaking

Socrates •Most of what we know about Socrates is from his student Plato •“Truth” is the most important thing •Questioned beliefs and methods of all of those around him •Killed for his teachings•“The unexamined life is not worth living”•What is Love, Friendship, honor, justice, loyalty, patriotism

Plato• Student of Socrates, left Athens after his

death and returned 10 years later • Set up “The Academy”: lasted 900 years• Emphasized reason •Wrote the Republic: Rejected Athenian

Democracy because it condemned Socrates and said that an aristocracy was the best Gov’t, wanted total state control• Divided people into 3 groups •Workers to producers• Soldiers to defend the state • The Ruling Elite

Plato also believed women could be equal or superior to men so he included them as leaders in his ideal “Republic”!

Aristotle •Plato’s most famous student •Analyzed what was the best form of government •Suspicious about democracy•Could lead to mob rule

•Favored a single strong ruler •Reason is the guiding force for learning •Set up the “Lyceum” for all branches of learning (Ethics, Biology, Physics)

Greek Architecture •Simple Rectangular shape with tall columns/ Sloped Roof •Copied throughout America •Parthenon: Temple of the Greek goddess Athena

Greek Architecture

Greek Architecture

Influence of Greek Architecture

Poetry and Drama•Tragedies: Plays that told of Human suffering usually ended in disaster •Comedies: Humorous plays that mocked people of customs•Had a Chorus who narrated the play and commented between scenes