Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom
description
Transcript of Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom
![Page 1: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom
![Page 2: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Do Now – Current Events and Chemistry
• Objective – Chap 4 Review 5.1 Models of the Atom
• Homework – Pg. 132 # 1-6
![Page 3: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Supersonic Man
How does this relate to anything we have talked about already this year?
Write you idea in your notes
![Page 4: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Tevatron
![Page 5: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CERN Super Collider
![Page 6: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Review Questions – Pg 125 # 1-9
![Page 7: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Review Questions – Pg 125 # 1-9
1. C2. A3. B4. B5. 96. E7. False, True8. True, False 9. True, True – Correct explanation
![Page 8: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Review what we know
Democritus
Dalton
Thompson
Rutherford
![Page 9: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Bohr Model
![Page 10: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Carbon
Magnesium
![Page 11: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Silicon
Fluorine
![Page 12: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Do Now –Draw Bohr Models of K, O, and Ar Any old work to turn in?
Objective – 5.1 and 5.2 The Quantum Mechanical Model
Homework – Pg 136 # 10-13
![Page 14: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Electron Cloud Model
![Page 16: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Where is the propeller?
![Page 17: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Quantum Mechanical Model
• The Quantum Mechanical Model determines the allowed energies an electron can have and how likely it is to find the electron in various locations around the nucleus.
![Page 18: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Atomic Orbitals
• Atomic Orbitals are thought of a regions of space around a nucleus where a given electron is likely (90%) to be.
![Page 19: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
• Do Now – Check neighbor’s homework and give an effort grade of √-, √, √+
• Objective – Electron Configuration in Atoms
• HW - Pg 136 # 10-13
![Page 21: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Pg 132 # 1-6 1. It couldn’t explain why metals give of characteristic colors when heated or explain the chemical properties of elements.2. An electron is found only in a specific path or orbital around the nucleus3. It determines allowed energies and where it is likely to be located. 4. The have different shapes. 5. By gaining or losing a quantum of energy.6. In an atom, electrons have certain fixed energy levels. To move to a different level requires the emission or absorption of an exact amount of energy or quantum. The energy of the electron is said to be quantized.
![Page 22: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Calculations• • Average Mass • Total Mass (g) / Number in Sample = Average Mass (g)• A-Regular 15.10 g / 17 = .8882g • B-Peanut =2.6078g • C-Pretzel =2.4417g• Total =1.7861g• • Relative Abundance • Number in Sample / Total Number of Particles = Relative Abundance • A-Regular 17 / 38 =0.4474• B-Peanut = 0.2368• C-Pretzel = 0.3158• Total = 1.0• • Percent Abundance • Relative Abundance x 100 = Percent Abundance• A-Regular 0.4474 x 100 = 44.737 %• B-Peanut =23.68 %• C-Pretzel = 31.58 %• Total = 100 %
![Page 23: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Review of 5.1
Principal Number ofEnergy Levels Sublevels Orbitals
1 1 1 s (1 orbital)
2 2 2 s (1 orbital), 2 p (3 orbitals)
3 3 3 s (1 orbital,) 3 p (3 orbitals), 3 d (5 orbitals)
4 4 4 s (1 orbital,) 4 p (3 orbitals), 4 d (5 orbitals), 4 f (7 orbitals)
Chlorine has 17 electrons 1s2 2s2 2p63s23p5
![Page 24: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Electron Configuration
• How atoms are arranged to get the most stable atom possible.
Three Rules 1. Aufau Principle 2. Pauli Exclusion Principle 3. Hund’s Rule
![Page 25: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Aufbau Principle
Electrons will occupy the orbitals of the lower energy levels first.
![Page 26: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Pauli Exclusion Principle
An orbital may describe 2 electrons, in other words, orbitals can hold 2 electrons If two electrons occupy the same orbital they must have opposite spins ↑↓
![Page 27: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Hund’s Rule
Electrons will occupy orbitals of the same energy level in such a way that make the spin direction as large as possible.
In other words, every orbital at the same energy level gets one electron before any get a second
![Page 28: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Exceptions to the Configuration Rules
What do you think would happen if an atom were to differ from the configuration rules?
![Page 29: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
There are small differences between the 3d and 4s energy levels and even smaller differences between the 5f and 6d levels
![Page 30: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Friday, October 8th
• Do Now – Review Homework WorksheetGet out your copy of the periodic table
• Obj – Physics and the Quantum Mechanical Model
• HW – Pg. 146 # 16 – 19 Lab Handout Part 1
![Page 32: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Zinc 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10
Magnesium 1s22s22p63s2
![Page 33: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
3p3 There are 3 electrons in the p sublevel of the 3rd energy level.
![Page 34: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
• Neon 8A – Nobel Gas 2nd period
• Argon 8A – Nobel Gas 3rd period
• Vandium 5B – 4th period
![Page 35: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Do Now – Get out the pre lab you wrote
Objective – 5.3 Physics and the Quantum Mechanical Model
HW – Pg. 146 # 16-20
![Page 37: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Light
Amplitude
Wavelength (λ)
Frequency (v)
Hertz (Hz)
![Page 38: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
C = λ v
The speed of light is the product of the wavelength and the frequency.
Light is electromagnetic radiation
![Page 39: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Atomic Spectra
• When atoms absorb energy, the electrons move to a higher energy level. These electrons lose energy by emitting light when they return to a lower energy level.
The frequencies emitted are unique for different elements and
combinations of elements
![Page 40: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The light emitted by an electron moving from a higher energy level to a lower (not always ground) has a frequency directly proportional to the energy change of the electron.
![Page 41: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Spectrum
![Page 42: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Atomic Spectrum
![Page 43: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Quantum Mechanics
![Page 44: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
It is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and position of a particle (electron) at the same time.
![Page 45: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Flame Test Lab
• Do Now – Pre-labs out with pen/pencil and calculator. All bags away and table clear.
• Obj – Flame Test Lab
• HW – Pg. 153 # 1-18
![Page 46: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Calculations
∆E = h c λ (note that this is in m and not nm)
![Page 47: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Calculations
∆E = h c λ (note that this is in m and not nm)
You need to convert from nm to m.
Calcium was orange with frequency of 600nm600 nm · 1 m = 1 x 109 nm can you do
this ?
![Page 48: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Understand Scientific Notation
600 x 1/ 1 x 109 Means move decimal 9 places to the right. Think about how little of a meter you will have if you only have 600 nm.
000000000000600.0000000 move 9 places .000000600 m or 6.0 x 10-7
![Page 49: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Understand Scientific How to Use Your Notation Calculator
600 x 1/ 1 x 109 600 x 1/ 1 x 109 Means move decimal 9 places to the right. Think about how 600 1 1 EE 9little of a meter you will have if you only have 600 nm. 0r 000000000000600.0000000 move 9 places 600 1 10 9 .000000600 m or 6.0 x 10-7 = 6 E -7 or 6.0x 10-7
2nd
˄
![Page 50: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Chapter 5 – Models of the Atom](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062218/56816190550346895dd129c3/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)