Chapter 13 Electrons Models of the Atom Electron Arrangement Physics and the Quantum Mechanical...
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Transcript of Chapter 13 Electrons Models of the Atom Electron Arrangement Physics and the Quantum Mechanical...
![Page 1: Chapter 13 Electrons Models of the Atom Electron Arrangement Physics and the Quantum Mechanical Model.](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022020800/551c486a5503467b488b4e64/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 13 Electrons
• Models of the Atom• Electron Arrangement• Physics and the Quantum Mechanical
Model
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Chapter 13.1 Models of the Atom
• The atom was considered a solid indivisible mass originally
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhgd9VM9rsM
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Thomson Model
• Plum – Pudding Atom: Negatively charged electrons stuck into a lump of positively charged material.
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Rutherford Model
• Electrons surround a dense nucleus made of protons and neutrons. The rest of the atom was empty space
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Bohr Model (Planetary Model)
• Electrons are arranged in concentric circular paths (orbits) around the nucleus.
• Patterned after the motion of the planets • Electrons have a fixed energy
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Quantum Mechanical Model
• Primarily a mathematical model • Restricts electron to certain energy levels• No defined path for electrons• Gives a percent chance of finding an
electron in a certain space
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqNSQ3OQMGI
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Quantum
• Amount of energy required to move an electron from its current energy level to the next highest energy level
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Fixed Energy Levels
• Rungs of a Ladder• Garden Steps
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Orbits
• S orbital• P orbital• D orbital • F orbital
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Chapter 13.2 Electron Arrangement
• Electron Configurations• Exceptional Electron Configurations
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Electron Configurations
• The way in which electrons are arranged around the nuclei of an atom.
• Three Rules:– Aufbau Principle– The Pauli Exclusion Principle– Hund’s Rule
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Aufbau Principle
• Electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first.
• Some orbitals overlap between different energy levels
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The Pauli Exclusion Principle
• An atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons
• One or two electrons may occupy one orbital
• They will have opposite spins (shown by opposite arrows)
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Hund’s Rule
• When electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with parallel spins.
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