Chapter 4 Using Popular Culture as a Light: Middle Earth, Levels of Analysis, and War
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Transcript of Chapter 4 Using Popular Culture as a Light: Middle Earth, Levels of Analysis, and War
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• Chapter 4
Using Popular Culture as a Light:
Middle Earth, Levels of Analysis,and War
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Levels of Analysis
Provide a means to organize systematic
thinking about world politics
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System Level
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Anarchy
“Security Dilemma”
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Which system will be most
stable?
Unipolar
Bipolar
Multipolar
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Major shifts in power capabilities are associated with war
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Alliance Patterns Balancing & Bandwagoning
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Balance in technology between
offense and defense
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Interdependence through international norms, organizations,
and institutions can provide alternatives to use of force
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Capitalism can produce imperialist war due to intensifying competition
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Critical and Feminist Scholarship
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State Level
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Democracies are unlikely to fight against each other
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A leader in trouble may use an external conflict to divert the public’s attention
away from domestic problems
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Social Influences
Does the public want war or peace? How much are people willing to suffer?
Does the economic system encourage expansion, imperialism, or are its features benign?
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Biologically-oriented drive to control territory
Human nature
Individual Level
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Problems facing decision-makers
• Belief Systems
• Personalities
• Physical and Mental Health
• Perceptions
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Bureaucracies can help or hinder war
Foreign Policy Role Playing
diplomacy vs. military
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Levels of AnalysisWar of the Ring
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Capability distributions evolve and impact
war’s likelihood
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Many in Middle Earth are concerned about the growing presence of
Sauron
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Balancing of power is most evident
in the Fellowship
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Bandwagoning is seen in
Saruman’s side-switching
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Minas Tirith and Helm’s Deep were
very well fortified and difficult to attack
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Interdependence at very low level in Middle Earth –
alliances tend to be temporary
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Middle Earth is populated overwhelmingly by autocracies
Rohan Mordor Gondor
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Dangers of unchecked personal power and inadequacies of monarchical
systems
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Women’s political influence is indirect and
through marriage or family
connections
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Levels of Analysis and World War 1
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Europe plunged into war due to its
multipolar nature
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Fighting in World War 1 was dominated by defensive weaponry
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Capitalist economic
system was principal
underlying reason for war
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Nationalism was pervasive and reinforced rivalries
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Disintegration of Ottoman, Russian, and Austro-Hungarian Empires
opened door to war
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Germany had been gaining
power and influence,
but had internal tensions
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Weak leadership was linked to the dynastic systems that produced them
Emperor of Austria-Hungary
Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany
Tsar Nicholasof Russia
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Post-Cold War, the US had full
discretion in intervening around the
globe
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• DPRK• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NsDSbmQR9lc• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tZsVP2WoE9E• http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/07/27/19703009-north-korea-marks-60-years-since-korean-war-with-massive
-victory-day-parade?lite
• Critical theory• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uz0tINoLEr0• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SbQE5DZuJqU
• Comfort women• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-UwU1-RVWs