CHAPTER 4 The 13 English Colonies. Puritans leave England Puritans left England for Massachusetts...
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Transcript of CHAPTER 4 The 13 English Colonies. Puritans leave England Puritans left England for Massachusetts...
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CHAPTER 4
The 13 English Colonies
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Puritans leave England
Puritans left England for Massachusetts during 1630
Looking to reform Church not separate from it. Organ music Finely decorated houses of worship Special clothing for priests
Powerful in England Small farmers Well educated Merchants and landowners
Charles I disapproved of the Purtiains
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Massachusetts
1629 Puritan leaders persuaded royals for a charter to the Massachusetts Bay area.
Wanted to set up a colony and society based on biblical laws and teaching
Younger sons moved to Mass Bay area for cheap land
Chance to start a business
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Governing the colony
1630 John Winthrop and 1000 settlers arrived.
Winthrop was first governorAll men who were church members could
vote.Elected governor and representatives to the
Great Court.1630-1640 the colony prospered. 15,000
men, women and children made the journey. ( Great Migration)
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Connecticut
Puritan leaders did not like anyone to question their religion or form of government.
Forced colonists to leaveThomas Hooker led 100 settlers out to the
Connecticut River and built the town of Hartford Hooker believed the government and church officals
had to much power.Hooker and other settlers wrote a plan called
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut in 1639
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Set up like that of the government of Massachusetts with two differences All men could vote as long as they owned property,
even if they were not members of the church Limited the governor’s power
Expanded the idea of representative government
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Rhode Island
Roger Williams, a young minister in Salem, challenged the leaders of Mass. believed Puritan church had to much power
Williams' view was the business of church and state should be separate. Thought political affairs would corrupt the church State should only maintain order and peace
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Religious Tolerance
Williams felt the Puritan leaders should not force none puritans to go to religious services.
He believed in religious tolerance. Religious tolerance is a willingness to let others practice their own beliefs.
Williams allowed for everyone to worship freely Protestants, Catholics, and Jews
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Anne Hutchinson
Devout Puritan who was forced to leave Mass.
She and friends would discuss the minister’s serman after church.
Church leaders grew angry Said Hutchinson’s views were in error Women had no right to explain God’s law
Hutchinson was called to trial They found that she broke no Puritan lawsShe said God spoke to her directly
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New Hampshire
Trading and fishing villages lived friendly with Indians at first.1670 nearly 45,000 settlers had taken over a
great amount of Indian land.1675 a large fight between Indian groups and
New England colonies started.Metacom, King Phillip, chief of the
Wampanoag attacked villages throughout New England.
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Life in New England
Religion and FamilyTook Sabbath(holy day)
serious Could not play games Visit taverns to joke, talk, or
drink Law required every citizen to
attend church(lasted all day)Women on one side men on
the other Indians and slave stood in
balcony Children had separate pews
where an adult watched over them.
Government Town meetings,
settlers discussed and voted on many issues
Puritan laws were strict 15 crimes had the death
penalty. Witchcraft1692 Puritans in Salem
burned 20 men and women as witches.
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Life in New England
EconomyRocky soil was poor for farming
Indians taught them how to grow corn, squash, pumpkins, and beans
Hunted deer and turkeyCut down trees and turned it into lumberFished for cod and halibutHunted whales for its blubber and bones.
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THE MIDDLE COLONIES
Section 2
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New Netherland Becomes New York
Fur trading made New Netherland thrive.To encourage farming land grants were
given out.Owners of these huge estates were known as
patroons.Each patroon promised to start 50 farms on
the land for the grant.
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Religious Freedom
New Amsterdam was a large trading center Attracted to the chance to practice religion
freely.Slaves were in high demand. Made up a
quarter of the population.Dutch were mainly Protestants who belonged
to the Dutch Reform Church.England took over New Netherlands and
King Charles II gave it to his brother Duke of York
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New Jersey
Set up because New York was to large to govern.
Duke of York gave part of the land to Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret.
The colony was a Proprietary colony.Proprietary colony- the king gave land to one
or more people in return for a yearly payment.
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Proprietary Colony
Proprietors were free to divide the land and rent to whom ever they wanted.
Made their own laws but had to respect the rights of colonists under English law
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New Jersey becomes a Royal Colony
1702 NJ becomes a royal colony. Royal colony is a colony under direct control of the English crown.
The colonies charter protected religious freedom and the rights of an assembly that voted on all matters
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Pennsylvania
William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681.
Came from a wealthy English FamilyAt 22 Penn shocked his family and friends by
join the most hated religious group in England, the Quakers.
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Quakers
Protestant reformersWent further with reform than the Pilgrims
and Puritans Believe that all men, women, nobles, and commoners
were equal in God’s eyes Allowed women to preach in public Did not remove hats in the presence of nobles. Refused to serve in army .
Quakers in both England and New England were fined, jailed, or even hanged for their ideas
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Policy of Fairness
Penn believed in religious freedomKing Charles II told Penn to turn away all
Catholics and Jews.Penn believed in treating the Native
Americans with respect Settlers should pay for the land that they take Indians respected Penn Stayed friendly for a long time
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Growing Colony
Penn send pamphlets all over Europe describing his colony. Settlers came from : England, Scotland, Wales, Netherlands, France, and
GermanyThe German Settlers were known as
Pennsylvania DutchSlaves Also Arived
1730-1750 slaved made up 1/3 of the populationPenn Named the capital Philadelphia. Greek
word Meaning “brotherly love”
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Delaware
Part of Pennsylvania Know as Lower countiesSettlers never wanted to send delegates so
far from home.1704 Delaware broke away from
Pennsylvania.
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Life in the Middle Colonies
EconomyWheat, barley, oats,
and rye were cash crops.
Cash Crops-crops that are sold for money at market.
Cattle and pigsLarge FarmsCenter of
manufacturing Clocks, watches, locks,
guns, glass,etc..
HomesHouses were spread
apart.Counties became
center of government Houses reflected the
people that settled there.
House holds were self sufficient.
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SECTION 3
The Southern Colonies
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Mason- Dixon Line
Divided Southern Colonies from the rest of the colonies
Southern Colonies developed a way of life different of that of the Middle and New England Colonies
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Maryland
Sir George Calvert wanted a colony just for Catholics.
Died before he could get colony underway.Cecil, Lord Baltimore, Calvert pushed his
fathers plan forward.200 colonist landed in the upper Chesapeake
Bay across from Virginia.Land of Plenty
Fish Oysters crabs
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Growing a colony
St. Mary was the first city.Gave land grants to anyone who would bring
servants, Women, and children Margaret and Mary Brent
9 male servents 2 plantations 1000 acres each.
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Religious Tolerance
Allowed Protestants and CatholicsAct of Toleration(1649)- provided
religious freedom to call Christians. Except Jews
Set up to protect the Catholics right to worship
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Bacons rebellion
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Carolinas
1663 8 nobles received land grant from Charles the II
Northern Area( North Carolina,1712) were poor tobacco farmers from Virginia.
Had small farms.Southern Area( South Carolina, 1719) rich
farmersLargest settlement- Charles Town
(Charleston)
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Rise in Slavery
1685 rice was found to grow well in the swampy areas on the coast.
Used slaves imported from areas in Africa where rice was grown.
Rice became Carolina’s cash cropSouth Carolina grew Indigo- Used to make
valuable blue dye
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Georgia
Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1732Wanted the colony to be for debtors- people
who owed money they could not pay back, to have a new start.
1733 Savannah was builtStrict laws against slavery( later reversed to
allow for growth)
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Growth in slave trade
Slavery in Africa was part of social and economic system.
Slaves from Africa would be crammed tightly under the decks.
Most died of illness or starvationLast 400 years and cost the lives of over 3
million AfricansSlave Codes- treated enslaved Africans
not as human but as property
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SECTION 4
Roots in Self -Government
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England Regulates Trade
England believed that the colonies should benefit the home country.
Mercantilism- nation became strong by keeping strict control over its trade.
Mercantilists thought a country should export more than it imported.
Exports- goods sent to markets outside the country
Imports- goods brought to a country.
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Navigation Acts
England put a limit on who the colonies could trade with.
Navigation Acts- regulated the trade between England and its colonies. Ensured only England benefited from English trade. Only English or colonial ships could carry good from
colonies.Benefited the colonies and England
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Slave and Rum trade
Merchants from New England were called Yankees
Triangle trade-the three legs of the route formed a triangle.
1st leg: New England ships carried fish, lumber, and other goods to West Indies Bought molasses and sugar to make rum
2nd leg: carried guns, rum, gunpowder, cloth, and tools to West Africa. Traded these goods for slaves
3rd leg: carried slaves to West Indies Traded or bought more molasses and sugar
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Colonial Government
Each colony had a legislature
Legislature- group of people that have power to make laws. Upper house –advisors
appointed by governor Lower house- elected
assembly
Each colony had its own laws on who had a right to vote
1720 only white Christain men over the age 21 who owned land could vote
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English Bill of Rights
Bill of rights-a written list of freedoms the government promises to protect
English Bill of Rights gave anyone accused of a crime the right of a trial by jury
English colonies had more freedoms but less rights than that of English citizens.