Chapter 30: Populations and Communities Name: ____________________ Period: _________.
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Transcript of Chapter 30: Populations and Communities Name: ____________________ Period: _________.
![Page 1: Chapter 30: Populations and Communities Name: ____________________ Period: _________.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/551c4f7b550346a66a8b4b43/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 30: Populations and Communities
Name: ____________________Period: _________
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What is a population?• Definition: _____________________
______________________________.
____________________
____________________
A group of similar organisms living in a
given area
Wildebeest in the Serengeti
Whales in the ocean
Bees in a nest
Flowers in a field
People in a city
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Population of people in the USA.
• 1960= • 1970= • 1980= • 1990= • 2000=
What is causing this drastic change?
180 million
205 million
227 million
249 million
270 million
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What causes population change?
• Immigration = people __________ a population…SIZE __________• Emigration = people _________ a population…SIZE _________• Death-rate… ____________ population• Birth-rate… _____________ population
• What are the multiple reasons for the change in population size in the USA?
• 1. _____________________________________• 2. _____________________________________• 3. _____________________________________• 4. _____________________________________
come into increases
Exit (leave) decreases
decreases
increases
Increase in immigration
Decrease in emigration
Medical technology is better
No significant war or disease
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“Clumped” populations
Human population in the USA
1. What causes this “clumping”?
______________________________________________Resources are abundant
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• Examples of limiting factors• _____________________ • _____________________• _____________________• _____________________• _____________________• _____________________
• How do these factors effect the growth of a population?
_______________________________________________________________________
Examples:
Lion and hyena compete for _____________________
Plants compete for ______________, ________________, and __________________
Birds compete for _____________________
Squirrels and birds compete for _____________________
rabbits and groundhogs compete for _____________________
Limiting factors…help keep population from growing
food
water
shelter
space
sunlight
nutrients
food
space sunlight nutrients
territory
Food and shelter
space
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Communities
• ______________________________
_______________________________
Animals of the SerengetiFish and plants in an aquarium
Plants and animals in a forest
*All animals have a ______________(place they “live”)…ex: field, lake, forest.
*They also have a _______________(“job” or “role” within their habitat)
All living things that share a particular area
habitat
niche
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• _____________________(“autotrophic”)– Produces its own food– Plants, algae, and some bacteria– Chlorophyll is the food-making chemical
• Produce food and oxygen during photosynthesis!!
• _____________________(“heterotrophic”)– All animals are consumers– Types of consumers
• _______________…eats a producer = “herbivore” Ex: Grasshopper eats grass• _______________…eats the primary consumer = “carnivore” Ex. Frog eats grasshopper• _______________…eats the second consumer Ex. Snake eats frog• _______________…eats the third consumer Ex. Bird eats snake
• _____________________ …recycle nutrients back into the community – _____________________– _____________________
3 Types of Niches
Producer
Consumer
Primary Consumer
Secondary consumer
Tertiary consumer
Fourth consumer
Decomposerbacteriafungus
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___________
__________
__________
Producers
Consumers
Decomposers
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Food Chain
Producer? _______________________
Primary Consumer? ________________________
Secondary consumer? ______________________
Decomposer? _________________________
Grass
Mouse
Cat
Fungus
Shows pathway of energy through a
community
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Food Web.
1. How many food chains are in this particular food web? ___________________
2. Can you identify a producer and a primary, secondary, third, fourth, and fifth consumer?
______________ _____________ _____________ _____________ ______________ _________________rabbit Fox (2) Snake (4) Owl (5)grass
17
Spider (3)
Food chains connected in a
community
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Energy flow• The primary source of energy for a community is the ________________• Which group directly uses the sun’s energy? ______________ by the process of photosynthesis
– Primary consumer gets energy by eating the ____________________– Secondary consumer gets energy by eating the ____________________ (and so on)– ENERGY IS LOST THROUGH EACH STEP OF A FOOD CHAIN!!! (released as _______ by the organism)
Why do you usually NOT see a sixth or seventh consumer?
_____________________________________________________
Energy pyramid
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
ENERGY
Sun
Producersproducer
Primary consumer
heat
Not enough energy available
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Three types of Relationships
1. Mutualism– _________________________
Moray eel and cleaner fish
Sea anemone and clown fish
Bees and flowers
Rhino and birds
Both organisms benefit
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2. CommensalismOne organism ________ and the other
_____________________
A remora fish uses a shark for _______ and to ____________
A frog uses vegetation as __________
benefits
Unharmed and NO benefit
transportFood scraps
camouflage
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3. Parasitism• One organism benefits, while the other is
_____________________
tickfleas
mosquito
harmed
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• Predation– Predator and prey– ________ is killed and eaten by the _____________Prey Predator
Are all secondary consumers