Chapter 3 Victim Assessment and Urgent Care. Lesson Objectives Explain the importance of performing...
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![Page 1: Chapter 3 Victim Assessment and Urgent Care. Lesson Objectives Explain the importance of performing a detailed and systematic assessment. List what to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f275503460f94c3f506/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 3
Victim Assessment and Urgent Care
![Page 2: Chapter 3 Victim Assessment and Urgent Care. Lesson Objectives Explain the importance of performing a detailed and systematic assessment. List what to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f275503460f94c3f506/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Lesson Objectives
• Explain the importance of performing a detailed and systematic assessment.
• List what to look for during the scene survey.
• Identify and describe the steps of the initial assessment.
• Use the SAMPLE mnemonic to obtain a victim’s history.
• Assess a victim’s vital signs and perform a physical exam.
• Know how to perform ongoing assessment of a victim.
• Know how to handle multiple-victim incidents (ie, triage).
![Page 3: Chapter 3 Victim Assessment and Urgent Care. Lesson Objectives Explain the importance of performing a detailed and systematic assessment. List what to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f275503460f94c3f506/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Assessment (1 of 2)
• Perform a rapid, accurate assessment.
• Skills must be learned well and practiced regularly.
![Page 4: Chapter 3 Victim Assessment and Urgent Care. Lesson Objectives Explain the importance of performing a detailed and systematic assessment. List what to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f275503460f94c3f506/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Assessment (2 of 2)
• Five-part victim assessment:– Scene survey– Initial assessment– Victim’s history– Vital signs and physical exam– Ongoing assessment
![Page 5: Chapter 3 Victim Assessment and Urgent Care. Lesson Objectives Explain the importance of performing a detailed and systematic assessment. List what to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f275503460f94c3f506/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Scene Survey (1 of 2)
• Provides first impression and reveals hazards
• Protect yourself from blood or bodily fluids.
![Page 6: Chapter 3 Victim Assessment and Urgent Care. Lesson Objectives Explain the importance of performing a detailed and systematic assessment. List what to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f275503460f94c3f506/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Scene Survey (2 of 2)
• What to look for– What is cause of condition and related
problems?– Is the scene safe?– Is the victim injured or ill?– What is the mechanism of injury?– Is the victim responsive or unresponsive?– How many victims are there?
![Page 7: Chapter 3 Victim Assessment and Urgent Care. Lesson Objectives Explain the importance of performing a detailed and systematic assessment. List what to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f275503460f94c3f506/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Initial Assessment (1 of 4)
• Initial assessment is designed to detect life-threatening conditions.
• Determine if the victim is responsive or unresponsive.
• If unresponsive, prepare to evacuate.
• Assess breathing problems and bleeding; attend to these problems before proceeding further.
![Page 8: Chapter 3 Victim Assessment and Urgent Care. Lesson Objectives Explain the importance of performing a detailed and systematic assessment. List what to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f275503460f94c3f506/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Initial Assessment (2 of 4)
• Assess the airway– If responsive person
cannot speak or cough, treat for obstructed airway.
– What to do: Open airway using head tilt–chin lift maneuver.
![Page 9: Chapter 3 Victim Assessment and Urgent Care. Lesson Objectives Explain the importance of performing a detailed and systematic assessment. List what to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f275503460f94c3f506/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Initial Assessment (3 of 4)
• Assess breathing– Determine whether victim is breathing normally
and adequately.– Look, listen, and feel for movement of air.– What to do:– Recovery position– Rescue breathing
![Page 10: Chapter 3 Victim Assessment and Urgent Care. Lesson Objectives Explain the importance of performing a detailed and systematic assessment. List what to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f275503460f94c3f506/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Initial Assessment (4 of 4)
• Check for hemorrhage – Severe bleeding,
external or internal, can be life threatening.
– Check entire body for blood.
– Expose affected area.
– Apply direct pressure.
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Victim’s History (1 of 2)
• Use SAMPLE mnemonic to remember steps in obtaining history.
• If victim cannot provide history, obtain it from companions.
• Check for a medical identification tag.
![Page 12: Chapter 3 Victim Assessment and Urgent Care. Lesson Objectives Explain the importance of performing a detailed and systematic assessment. List what to.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062321/56649f275503460f94c3f506/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Victim’s History (2 of 2)
• SAMPLE mnemonic– Symptoms
– Allergies
– Medications
– Past relevant medical history
– Last oral intake
– Events leading up to the injury or illness
Courtesy of the MedicAlert Foundation®. © 2006, All Rights Reserved. MedicAlert® is a federally registered trademark and service mark.
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Vital Signs and Physical Exam (1 of 9)
• Assess level of responsiveness, pulse, breathing, body temperature, skin condition.
• Check vital signs at the start of physical exam.• Assess vital signs frequently for unstable victims.
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Vital Signs and Physical Exam (2 of 9)
• Level of responsiveness: AVPU scaleA = Alert
V = Responds to verbal stimuli
P = Responds to painful stimuli
U = Unresponsive to voice or pain
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Vital Signs and Physical Exam (3 of 9)
• Pulse– Radial pulse– Practice until you
can find pulse easily and quickly.
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Vital Signs and Physical Exam (4 of 9)
• Breathing– Snoring– Stridor– Wheezing– Gurgling– Rattling
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Vital Signs and Physical Exam (5 of 9)
• Temperature– Can alert you to fever, heat illness, or
hypothermia.– Carry a thermometer in your first aid kit.– Estimate body temperature by placing the back
of your hand on the victim’s forehead.
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Vital Signs and Physical Exam (6 of 9)
• Skin condition– Color and temperature– Moisture
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Vital Signs and Physical Exam (7 of 9)
• Physical examination – Perform a thorough, systematic physical
assessment.– Victims with minor injuries or illnesses might
not require a complete physical assessment.
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Vital Signs and Physical Exam (8 of 9)
• Physical examination – DOTS mnemonic:
D = Deformities
O = Open wounds
T = Tenderness
S = Swelling
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Vital Signs and Physical Exam (9 of 9)
• Physical examination – After the physical exam
• You should have a good idea of what is wrong with the victim.
• Suspect a spinal injury in any unresponsive person injured in a high-velocity episode.
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Ongoing Assessment
• Used to monitor victim’s condition.• Determine whether victim’s condition is
staying the same.• Reassess:
– Breathing, mental status, vital signs– Every 5 minutes for unstable victims– Every 15 minutes for stable victims
• Monitor results of first aid care.
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Multiple-Victim Incidents (Triage) (1 of 2)
• Emergency situations with two or more victims• Decide who to care for and evacuate first.• Tell mobile victims to move to specific area.
These victims are in lowest-priority category.• Find highest priority victims by performing
assessment on remaining victims. Go to motionless victims first.
• Spend fewer than 60 seconds with each victim.
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Multiple-Victim Incidents (Triage) (2 of 2)
• Triage categories: – Highest priority– Second priority– Lowest priority