Chapter 3 January 16th. Light Sunlight controls the distribution of plants Amount of sunlight...
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Transcript of Chapter 3 January 16th. Light Sunlight controls the distribution of plants Amount of sunlight...
![Page 1: Chapter 3 January 16th. Light Sunlight controls the distribution of plants Amount of sunlight depends on latitude With respect to light, plants classified.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ed35503460f94be3e0c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 3
January 16th
![Page 2: Chapter 3 January 16th. Light Sunlight controls the distribution of plants Amount of sunlight depends on latitude With respect to light, plants classified.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ed35503460f94be3e0c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Light• Sunlight controls the distribution of plants
• Amount of sunlight depends on latitude
• With respect to light, plants classified into 2 categories:– Heliophytes
• Obligate
• Facultative
– Sciophytes• Obligate
• Facultative
![Page 3: Chapter 3 January 16th. Light Sunlight controls the distribution of plants Amount of sunlight depends on latitude With respect to light, plants classified.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ed35503460f94be3e0c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Chapter 3 January 16th. Light Sunlight controls the distribution of plants Amount of sunlight depends on latitude With respect to light, plants classified.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ed35503460f94be3e0c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Morphological Adaptations to Light
Succulents
Banana plant (Moorea)
Sargassum
Sunflower
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Temperature• Transpiration allows plants to be cooler than or
warmer than the surrounding air temperature• The rate of photosynthesis is dependent upon
temperature
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![Page 7: Chapter 3 January 16th. Light Sunlight controls the distribution of plants Amount of sunlight depends on latitude With respect to light, plants classified.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ed35503460f94be3e0c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Chapter 3 January 16th. Light Sunlight controls the distribution of plants Amount of sunlight depends on latitude With respect to light, plants classified.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ed35503460f94be3e0c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Adaptations to heat
• Features that decrease leaf temperature:
• Reflective coatings
• Small hairs
• Leaves oriented vertically
• Heliotrophs
• High transpiration rates
• Leaf loss
• Dimorphism
![Page 9: Chapter 3 January 16th. Light Sunlight controls the distribution of plants Amount of sunlight depends on latitude With respect to light, plants classified.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ed35503460f94be3e0c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Temperature
• Cold-blooded animals are pokiliotherms• Warm-blooded animals are homeotherms• Allen’s Rule – short extremities relative to
body mass decreases heat loss• Bergmann’s Rule – warm-blooded individuals
from cooler climates tend to have larger bodies and smaller surface-to-volume rations, and individuals of the same species from warmer climates
![Page 10: Chapter 3 January 16th. Light Sunlight controls the distribution of plants Amount of sunlight depends on latitude With respect to light, plants classified.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ed35503460f94be3e0c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Chapter 3 January 16th. Light Sunlight controls the distribution of plants Amount of sunlight depends on latitude With respect to light, plants classified.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ed35503460f94be3e0c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Allen’s Rule/ Bergmann’s Rule
![Page 12: Chapter 3 January 16th. Light Sunlight controls the distribution of plants Amount of sunlight depends on latitude With respect to light, plants classified.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ed35503460f94be3e0c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Allen’s Rule/ Bergmann’s Rule
![Page 13: Chapter 3 January 16th. Light Sunlight controls the distribution of plants Amount of sunlight depends on latitude With respect to light, plants classified.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649ed35503460f94be3e0c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Moisture
• Required by plants for photosynthesis and temperature control
• Xerophytes
• Mesophytes
• Hydrophytes
• Transpiration
• Evapotranspiration
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Moisture
• Three categories of adaptations to dry conditions:– Water stress escapees
– Water stress avoiders
– Water stress toleraters
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• Two fundamentals for describing geographic distributions of a species: range and density
• Geographic range – entire area where a species can be found regardless of whether it is common or rare
• Density – Difference in abundance of species within its range
• Carrying capacity – the number of individuals an environment can support per meter or hectare
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Carrying Capacity
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Ordination Analysis
Figure 3.13
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Environmental Gradients for Physiological Functioning and Density
• Zone of optimum –
• Zone of stress –
• Zone of intolerance –
• Zone of tolerance -
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• Niche – the function of a species in the environment
• Habitat – explicit spatial environment where a species can be found
• Generalists – species that can tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions
• Specialists – species that have narrow environmental tolerances
Limiting Factors
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Limiting Factors