Plants!!!“Stationary Animals that

Eat Sunlight!!”

What is a plant?Plants are multicellular Eukaryotes

that have cell walls made of cellulose and carry out

photosynthesis using green pigments called chlorophyll.

Overview of the Plant Kingdom

Four Main groups of Plants:

1. Mosses2. Ferns3. Gymnosperms - cone bearers4. Angiosperms - flowering plants

Overview of the Plant Kingdom!!!

Overview of the Plant Kingdom

Four Main groups of Plants:

Mosses!!- Have spores, not seeds

- Have no roots

Ferns!!- Also have spores not seeds

- Have roots

Gymnosperms!- Are cone bearing plants like

Pine trees- Their seeds are naked!

Angiosperms!- Are flowering

plants!!- Their seeds are

surrounded by a fruit.

- They make up 90% of all

plants alive today

Plant Plant ClassificationClassificationNon-flowering

Plants

Flowering

Spore-bearing

Naked seeds

No roots

with roots

Mosses Ferns

Gymnosperms

1 seed-leaf

2 seed-leaves

Monocots Dicots

Angiosperms!Angiosperms are divided into 2

distinct groups named for their number of seed leaves:

1.Monocots2.Dicots

Monocots vs. Dicots

Angiosperms!Stems can be:

Herbaceous – green and soft stemmed. Ex:

dandelions

Woody – tough and strong stemmed. Ex: trees and

roses

Angiosperms!Lifespan can be:

Annuals – live ONLY one year

Biennials – live ONLY two years

Perennials – live many years

Plant Parts!!!Plants have three main organs:

1.Roots2.Stems3.Leaves

Plant Parts!!!Plant Organ

Function

Roots Absorbs water and nutrients.Anchors plant to the ground.

Stems Supports the plant body.Transports water and nutrients.

Leaves Capture sunlight for photosynthesisGas exchange (stomata)

Plant Vascular (transport) Systems!A plant’s vascular

system (think veins) carries

water and sugary sap all the way

through the plant from roots to

stem to leaves.

Plant Vascular (transport) Systems!

Two types:1. Xylem – carries water from

roots to rest of the plant2. Phloem – carries sugars (called sap) from the leaves

to the rest of the plant

Plant Roots!Two Main Types:

1.Fibrous Roots – fine, branching roots (Ex.: grasses)

2.Tap Roots – one large root (Ex: carrots!)

Tap vs. Fibrous Roots

Plant Stems!I want you to be aware of:

Rhizomes - a specialized underground stem.

Rhizomes

Rhizome vs. Rhizoid

Plant Leaves!Stomata (opening on underside of

leaves for gas exchange) are found here.

Stomata are opened and closed by guard cells that surround the

stoma.

Closing stomata prevents water loss and keeps the plant from drying

out.

Stomata/Guard Cells

Plant Kingdom

Flowering Plants

Non-flowering Plants

3 groups

FernsFernsMossesMosses GymnospermsGymnosperms

Non - flowering Plants

Do NOT produce flowers

2 2 groupsgroups

MonocotyledonsMonocotyledons DicotyledonsDicotyledons

Flowering Plants

roots, stems, leaves

vascular tissues (transport)

flowers, fruits (contain seeds)

Plant ClassificationPlant Classification

Non-flowering

Plants

Flowering

Spore-bearing

Naked seeds

No roots

with roots

Mosses Ferns

Gymnosperms

1 seed-leaf

2 seed-leaves

Monocots Dicots