Chapter 3 Exploring Texas: 1519 - 1700 Lone Star: The Story of Texas Copyright © 2003 by Pearson...

Chapter 3Exploring Texas:

1519 - 1700

Lone Star: The Story of TexasLone Star: The Story of Texas

Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Lone Star: The Story of TexasLone Star: The Story of Texas

Section 1: Spain Prepares for Exploration

Section 2: Early European Explorations in the Americas

Section 3: European Explorers Meet Native Texans

Section 4: Successes and Failures

Chapter 3: Exploring Texas: 1519 -1700

Section 5: French Explorers

Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Spain Prepares for ExplorationSpain Prepares for Exploration

• What was the Reconquista?• How did the Reconquista influence the

way Spanish men viewed the military?• What were the goals of Columbus’s

voyage?

Chapter 3, Section 1

Spain and the ReconquistaSpain and the Reconquista

Since the A.D. 700s, Spanish Christians battled to regain control of Spain. During that time, Spain was controlled by the Moors, an Islamic people. The Christians believed that God wanted them to drive out the Moors. The struggle ended in 1492 when Spanish Christians drove the Moors out of Granada.


• This 800-year struggle was called the Reconquista, or reconquest.

• The Moors were an Islamic people who originally came from northwest Africa.

The Impact of the Spanish Defeat of the Moors on Overseas Exploration

The Impact of the Spanish Defeat of the Moors on Overseas Exploration


The Moors gain control of Spain.The Moors gain control of Spain.

800 years of struggle, called the Reconquista, begin as Spain fights to

retake the land.

800 years of struggle, called the Reconquista, begin as Spain fights to

retake the land.

Spain drives the Moors out.Spain drives the Moors out.

The defeat of the Moors inspires Spain to explore other lands.

The defeat of the Moors inspires Spain to explore other lands.

Spain funds Christopher Columbus’s overseas voyage.

Spain funds Christopher Columbus’s overseas voyage.

His success leads to the voyages of more explorers.

His success leads to the voyages of more explorers.


Columbus’s VoyageColumbus’s Voyage

• The king of Portugal turned down Columbus’s request for support.

• The successful end of the Reconquista in 1492 inspired Queen Isabella and Kind Ferdinand of Spain to back Columbus’s voyage.

• Columbus promised to find new trade routes to China and India.

• Columbus failed to find a direct route to Asia.

• He landed in the Caribbean instead.

• The gold and captive Indians he brought back convinced the king and queen of Spain that America would provide the wealth they had hoped to find in Asia.

Spain Prepares for Exploration - AssessmentSpain Prepares for Exploration - Assessment

How did the end of the Reconquista affect Spanish overseas exploration?(A) The Moors agreed to help Spain explore new lands.(B) Spain needed a new homeland for the captured Moors.(C) Spanish soldiers sought new lands to conquer. (D) Spanish soldiers stayed home to enjoy their victory.

Why did Columbus want to sail west to Asia?(A) He wanted to open trade routes to China and India.(B) He wanted wealth and glory.(C) He wanted an opportunity to spread the Christian faith.(D) All of the above

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Early European Exploration in the AmericasEarly European Exploration in the Americas

• What were the goals of the conquistadors?

• What did Cortés find at Tenochtitlán?• What happened in Central and South

America after the fall of Tenochtitlán?

The ConquistadorsThe Conquistadors

Spanish soldiers who sailed to America were called conquistadors, or conquerors. These fierce, determined soldiers had several goals:


• To bring their religion to “non-believers”• To obtain great wealth and glory• To find the legendary Seven Cities of Cíbola

Cortés and the AztecsCortés and the Aztecs

Hernán Cortés had several advantages that helped him defeat the powerful Aztecs in Mexico:


• Horses - These animals were unknown to the Aztecs. They enabled soldiers to travel great distances.

• Weapons - Cortés had steel swords, guns, armor, and cannons against the Aztecs’ bows and arrows, clubs, and spears.

• Allies - The Aztecs forced their conquered enemies to pay them tribute, a payment of food and other valuables. Some of these angry, defeated Indians joined Cortés in his struggle against the Aztecs.

The Aztec EmpireThe Aztec Empire

• The Aztec emperor Moctezuma II welcomed Cortés to the Aztec capital city, Tenochtitlán. Moctezuma thought Cortés was a god.

• The Spanish killed hundreds of unarmed Indians for performing a non-Christian ceremony. The Aztecs drove them from Tenochtitlán.

• Cortés and his men responded by attacking and destroying Tenochtitlán. The Spanish built Mexico City on the ruins of that once magnificent city.


After CortésAfter Cortés

• Within a few years, Spain controlled all the land of present-day Mexico. This land became the viceroyalty of New Spain.

• The Spanish then spread into Central and South America. • Spanish explorers carried common childhood illnesses

with them. The Indians had no resistance to these diseases, so many died from them.

• The Spanish completed their conquest of Central and South America in a matter of a few years.Viceroyalty - land that is ruled by an official chosen by a monarchViceroy - the official who rules that land


Early European Explorations in the Americas - AssessmentEarly European Explorations in the Americas - Assessment

What were the goals of the conquistadors in the Americas?(A) To convert all Indians to the Islamic faith(B) To gain wealth and power for Spain (C) To learn more about people from other lands(D) To find land suitable for agriculture

How did the Aztecs react when Cortés arrived at Tenochtitlán?(A) They attacked his army and killed many men.(B) They hid their wealth from Cortés and his men.(C) They welcomed him, thinking he was an Aztec god.(D) They retreated to a safer location.




European Explorers Meet the Native TexansEuropean Explorers Meet the Native Texans

• What did Alonso Álvarez de Pineda’s voyage to Texas accomplish?

• What happened to the Narváez expedition?

• What did Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca do in Texas?


Álvarez de Pineda’s ExpeditionÁlvarez de Pineda’s Expedition

• Captain Alonso Álvarez de Pineda sailed along the Gulf of Mexico in search of a water route to the Pacific Ocean.

• This voyage gave the Spanish their first accurate information about the Texas coast, including a well-drawn map.


The Nárvaez DisasterThe Nárvaez Disaster

• In 1527, Panfilo de Nárvaez led an expedition to explore the Gulf Coast from Florida to northern Mexico. The expedition was a disaster.

• Half his crew sailed off, abandoning the other half who had ventured inland. Many of those soldiers suffered sickness and hunger.

• Desperate to return to Spain, they set off on homemade rafts. During a storm they were tossed up on San Luis Island, near Galveston. They were the first known Europeans to set foot on Texas soil.


Álvar Núñez Cabeza de VacaÁlvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

• Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca was one of the few Narváez survivors.

• He became a trader and traveled widely across coastal Texas.

• He later met up with three fellow Narváez survivors.

• They gained a reputation as powerful shamans.

• Shaman - a medicine man

• Bison - buffalo, an animal Spaniards had never seen before exploring Texas

• Relación - Cabeza de Vaca’s account of his time in Texas. It hinted at the existence of the Seven Cities of Cíbola in Texas


Early European Explorations in the Americas - AssessmentEarly European Explorations in the Americas - Assessment

What contribution did Álvarez de Pineda make to Spanish knowledge of Texas?

(A) He discovered the bison.(B) He drew the first known map of the Texas coast. (C) He taught travelers how to become shamans.(D) None of the above

Why did people think Cabeza de Vaca was a shaman?(A) He cast spells on his enemies.(B) He wrote a book called Relación.(C) He performed surgery on a Native American.(D) He threatened anyone who would not honor him.




Successes and FailuresSuccesses and Failures

• What were the goals of the expedition of Marcos de Niza?

• What were the goals of the expedition of Francisco Vásquez de Coronado?

• How did Texas get its name?



Marcos de Niza and Estevanico’s ExpeditionMarcos de Niza and Estevanico’s Expedition

• Marcos de Niza was a priest who led a group to find the legendary Seven Cities of Cíbola. The Viceroy of New Spain appointed Estevanico to be the group’s guide. Estevanico was an enslaved Moor who traveled through Texas with Cabeza de Vaca.

• Estevanico sent back a report that he had found Cíbola. Soon afterward, he was killed by Indians.

• In fear, Marcos de Niza turned back. He reported that he had seen Cíbola from the top of a hill. His report convinced many that rich lands lay waiting.

Coronado Heads NorthCoronado Heads North

Spain sent explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado to conquer Cíbola and take its treasure. Coronado found no gold in Cíbola. He continued searching the area for something of value, with no luck. In 1542, he returned to Mexico. He reported that the land to the north offered nothing of value to the Spanish.• Coronado’s men were the first Europeans to

see the Grand Canyon.• Coronado’s treasure hunt brought him as far

north as present-day Kansas.


De Soto and MoscosoDe Soto and Moscoso

• For four years, Hernando de Soto explored the land that is now the southeastern United States, in search of riches.

• Upon De Soto’s death, Luis de Moscoso Alvarado took over the expedition. His group made it their goal to reach Mexico by land.

• The Caddoes they met on their travels greeted them by saying “Tay-yas,” meaning friends. This is how Texas got its name.

• Finding no gold, Moscoso’s men went back to the Mississippi River and returned to Mexico by sea.

• On that voyage, they stumbled upon petroleum, the substance that provides oil, gasoline, and other fuels. The Spanish did not immediately recognize the value of this “black gold.”


Successes and Failures - AssessmentSuccesses and Failures - Assessment

What role did the Seven Cities of Cíbola play in Spain’s desire to explore North America?

(A) They promised to be a good place to settle down and raise children.

(B) They inspired explorers who hoped to discover great wealth.(C) They promised good luck to the person who discovered them.(D) The person who discovered them would get to name them.

Where did Texas get its name?(A) It was named after the first settler.(B) It was named for an Aztec god.(C) Its name came from an Indian greeting.(D) It was named after Coronado’s wife.




Successes and Failures - AssesasmentSuccesses and Failures - Assesasment

What role did the Seven Cities of Cíbola play in Spain’s desire to explore North America?

(A) They promised to be a good place to settle down and raise children.

(B) They inspired explorers who hoped to discover great wealth.(C) They promised good luck to the person who discovered them.(D) The person who discovered them would get to name them.

Where did Texas get its name?(A) It was named after the first settler.(B) It was named for an Aztec god.(C) Its name came from an Indian greeting.(D) It was named after Coronado’s wife.




French ExplorersFrench Explorers

• Why did the French want to establish colonies in North America?

• Why did La Salle build a fort in Texas?


French ExplorersFrench Explorers

• French explorers trapped and traded furs throughout much of North America.

• Along the way, they claimed land for France.

• French explorer La Salle searched for the Northwest Passage, a water route that would provide a shortcut to Asia.

• At this time, France and Spain were at war.

• La Salle claimed for France all the land that drained into the Mississippi River, including part of Texas.

• He named the land Louisiana, after the French king, Louis XIV.

• La Salle planned to build a fort at the mouth of the Mississippi River. He wanted to expand his trade empire and have a base for an attack on Mexico.


La Salle’s ExpeditionLa Salle’s Expedition

In 1684, La Salle set sail from France. His plan was to build Fort St. Louis near the mouth of the Mississippi River. His expedition faced many problems:


• La Salle was difficult to get along with and argued with his naval officers.

• Pirates and shipwrecks plagued the expedition.• The Spaniards captured one of his four ships. La Salle

lost crew members and supplies.• La Salle’s crew missed the Mississippi River. They

landed instead at present-day Matagorda Bay.

Fort St. LouisFort St. Louis

Fort St. Louis• Harsh living conditions

made many explorers sick.• The French had hostile

relations with the local tribe, the Karankawas.

• During La Salle’s search for a safer location for the fort, his men staged a mutiny, a revolt of soldiers or sailors against their leaders. They murdered La Salle in 1687.

Fort St. Louis Destroyed• La Salle had taken most of

his able-bodied men with him on his search for the Mississippi. After his death, they ran away or were killed by Indians.

• The Karankawas attacked the vulnerable fort and took the five remaining settlers captive.


Spain ReactsSpain Reacts

• Soon, the Spanish learned about La Salle’s arrival in their territory. They set out to find the French intruders.

• Since they did not know the territory they claimed was theirs, it took them a year to find La Salle’s fort.

• The fort was deserted. However, the Spanish realized that they would need to pay more attention to Texas if they wanted to control it.


French Explorers - AssessmentFrench Explorers - Assessment

How did the Spanish react to La Salle’s settlement?(A) They wanted to see how it was built.(B) They were afraid of the French. (C) They welcomed the new settlers.(D) They wanted to drive the French out of Texas.

What is a mutiny?(A) A sailing party(B) A type of ship used in battle(C) A revolt of soldiers or sailors against their leaders(D) A legal peace agreement between two countries




Chapter 3 Exploring Texas: 1519 - 1700 Lone Star: The Story of Texas Copyright © 2003 by Pearson...

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