The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s....
-
Upload
karen-haynes -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
description
Transcript of The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s....
![Page 1: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Texas Revolution
![Page 2: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Spanish Texas• Mexico was controlled by Spain
from 1519 until the early 1800s.• It had an unprotected border
that ran from eastern Texas to northern California.
• They were concerned about being attacked by neighbors and from inside Mexico itself.
• A Mexican priest - Father Miguel Hidalgo y Castillo led a revolt in September 1810.
• His followers were poor Indians and Mestizos (people of Indian and Spanish descent)
• The revolt failed, but the rebellion grew.
• Mexico became independent from Spain in 1821.
This area was claimed by Spain, Britain, Russia and the U.S.
![Page 3: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Changing Texas
-In December 1820, a persistent, Moses Austin received a large land grant from the Spanish Governor, for 300 families to move into Tejas or Texas as long as they followed Spanish laws.
-Moses died on his journey back to Missouri, so his son, Stephen Fuller Austin took his place.
-Stephen moved to Texas in 1821. -When he arrived there were only 4000 Tejanos (people of
Spanish heritage who considered Texas their home) -Shortly after Austin arrived in Texas, Mexico won its
independence from Spain, making Stephen’s land grant from Spain obsolete(no good or null and void).
Moses AustinStephen F. Austin
![Page 4: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Changing Texas-He went to Mexico City and after a
year received permission to start a colony on the Colorado River.
-He became one of many empresarios or agents who were paid in land by the Mexican government to bring settlers to their new country.
-They had to promise to become Mexican citizens and join the Roman Catholic Church.
-Austin brought 297 families to Texas between 1821-1827 and they are known as the “Old Three Hundred.”
-His success led to more empresarios and by 1830, the Texas population grew to about 30,000 with Americans outnumbering Tejanos SIX to ONE!
![Page 5: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Changing Texas-These new settlers did NOT follow the
rules of Mexico. -Slavery was illegal in Mexico, but the
new Americans still brought slaves.-They didn’t like that all documents
were written in Spanish. -Tejanos didn’t like living with the
Americans either, because they believed the Americans thought they were superior and that they deserved special treatment.
-Finally in 1830, Mexico banned any further settlement by Americans.
-Many Americans living in Texas began to think about breaking away from Mexico.
-Austin convinced the people to remain loyal to Mexico and took a list of reforms to Mexico City in 1833 to meet with their leader.
![Page 6: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Changing Texas-Mexico’s new President was General
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.-At first, Santa Anna agreed to most of the
reforms until he heard that Austin had written a letter saying that he would support breaking away from Mexico if the reforms were turned down.
-He had Austin put in jail for an entire year from December 1833-December 1834 and would not let him leave Mexico City until Feb. 1835.
-Santa Anna suspended Mexico’s Republican Constitution and sent more Mexican troops into Texas.
-The first shots of the Texas Revolution took place October 2, 1835 when the Mexican army tried to take a cannon from the town of Gonzalez.
-The Texas volunteers put up a flag that said, “Come and Take It”, meaning the cannon.
![Page 7: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
-The Mexican Army could NOT take it and were driven back.
-Two months later, Texan volunteers drove the Mexican Army out of an old mission in San Antonio that was used as fortress.
-It was called the Alamo.-This angered Santa Anna
and he and 6,000 troops headed for Texas.
TEXAS INDEPENDENCE-Texas leaders met at
Washington-on-the-Brazos on March 1-2, 1836 to decide what to do about the advancing Mexican Army.
![Page 8: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
-They declared Texas a free and independent republic separate from Mexico on March 2, 1836.
-Sam Houston was put in charge of the Texas army.
-It wasn’t much of an army and Austin went to the U.S. for money and troops.
BATTLE AT THE ALAMO-Volunteers took up at the
town of San Antonio and decided to hold up at the Alamo.
-Colonel William Barret Travis and Colonel Jim Bowie were in charge of the volunteers.
General Sam Houstonfrom Virginia.
William B. Travisfrom S. Carolina
Jim Bowie from Logan County, KY
![Page 9: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
-Davy Crockett, a frontiersman and former congressman arrived with a group of Tennessee volunteers.
-They had about 65 men to take the total number at the Alamo to about 200.
-They hoped to delay Santa Anna and the Mexican Army of about 1800 men to give General Sam Houston and Colonel James Fannin time to organize a stronger army.
-The Mexican Army under Santa Anna began their attack on February 23.
Davy Crockett of Eastern Tennessee
![Page 10: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
-They did so relentlessly for 12 days and finally they broke through on March 6 into the Alamo.
-All of the Texas fighters and volunteers were killed in the 90 minute final attack.
-A few women and children were allowed to live to tell about the attack hoping to stop more rebellion.
-Santa Anna had his soldiers stack and burn the bodies to ashes later in the evening.
-Other soldiers and settlers moved eastward.
![Page 11: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
-Forces near Goliad under the command of Colonel Fannin were told to retreat in a letter from General Houston.
-They were captured on March 20 and held at Goliad.
-On March 27, one week later, about 300 soldiers were executed, piled up and burned just like they had at the Alamo.
-Fannin was the last to be executed.
-As an officer he asked for three things - for his personal possessions to be sent to his family, to be shot in his heart and NOT his face, and to be given a Christian burial.
![Page 14: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
-The soldiers took his belongings, shot him in his face, and burned Fannin's body.
-Texans were very angry and wanted revenge.
BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO-Sam Houston and his forces were on
the run with Santa Anna chasing.-Houston’s army was growing even
in retreat to about 800 angry men.-Houston and his men took up camp
at the San Jacinto River near Galveston Bay.
-His army consisted of Tejanos, American settlers, volunteers from the U.S. as wells as freed and enslaved blacks.
![Page 15: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
-Santa Anna was a little careless in choosing his site for camp, due to his overconfidence in victory.
-Houston’s forces surprised Santa Anna’s troops, who were resting on the afternoon of April 21, 1836.
-Houston’s soldiers rushed the camp yelling, “Remember the Alamo, Remember Goliad!”
-Fighting lasted about 18 minutes - NINE Americans dead – 630 dead and 730 wounded Mexican soldiers.
-Santa Anna was captured and forced to sign a treaty giving Texas its independence from Mexico.
![Page 16: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
AN INDEPENDENT NATION
-The capital was named Houston after the new President of Texas Sam Houston.
-Stephen F. Austin was named the Secretary of State.
-Texas offered land grants to encourage settlers to move in.
-Many from Southern states did, bringing slaves to help grow and harvest cotton.
![Page 17: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
-Most Texans wanted to become part of the United States – they were hoping to be annexed or added.
-Most of the U.S. Congress also wanted to annex Texas.
-President Jackson and some Northerners were against it because it would create an imbalance in slave and free states.
-Jackson also feared war with Mexico over Texas.
-Eventually Jackson recognized Texas as an independent nation.
-France did so in 1839 and Britain followed in 1840.
![Page 18: The Texas Revolution. Spanish Texas Mexico was controlled by Spain from 1519 until the early 1800s. It had an unprotected border that ran from eastern.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062413/5a4d1b8b7f8b9ab0599bec7b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
-Mexico did NOT recognize the treaty that Santa Anna was forced to sign giving over the land of Texas.
-The Texas Rangers were formed in 1837 to protect the Texas border against Native Americans and Mexican attacks.
-In 1844, a treaty is signed between the U.S. and Mexico over Texas.
Capt. John "Jack" Coffee Hays