Chapter 28 Notes
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Transcript of Chapter 28 Notes
![Page 1: Chapter 28 Notes](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062308/56813323550346895d9a038d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 28 Notes
Our Solar System
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Our Solar System
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The Inner Planets (and Pluto)
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All the Planets (and Pluto)
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The Planets and the Sun (and Pluto)
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Formation of the Solar System
• Nebular Theory:a)Interstellar cloud
contracts and spinsb)Dense center begins
nuclear fusion (sun)c) Remaining material
forms planetesimals and then planets
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Historical Solar System Models
• Geocentric (Earth-centered) model– One problem was how to explain
retrograde motion
• Copernicus’ heliocentric model– 1543, Polish scientist– Planets (including Earth) orbit the
Sun in circular orbits– Supporting evidence collected by
Tycho Brahe
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Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
• Johannes Kepler inherited Tycho’s data after his unexpected death.
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Galileo
• First person to use a telescope to observe the sky
• Discovered moons orbiting Jupiter• Also observed sun spots, phases of Venus, and
Moon craters
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Newton and Gravity
• Newton’s discovery of the law of universal gravitation provided an explanation for the heliocentric model of the solar system
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Zone 1: Inner Planets
• Terrestrial: “Earth-like”• Small • Composed of rock (high density)• Close to the Sun• Few or no moons• No rings
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Mercury
• Smallest• Closest to the Sun • No moons • No atmosphere• Cratered like the Moon• 1 orbit = 1.5 rotations (2 years = 3 days)
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Venus
• No moons• Earth’s “twin” in size• Rotates backwards• 1 day = 243 Earth days• Very high CO2 concentration in the atmosphere
causes super greenhouse effect• Surface temperature of 464C!!• Can be seen as a bright morning or evening “star”
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Earth
• One moon• Tectonically active• O2 in atmosphere
• Water exists in all 3 phases• Mild greenhouse effect to
keep the planet warm enough for life
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Mars
• The red planet• CO2 atmosphere
• 2 moons (Phobos and Deimos)• Has seasons like Earth, but a year is twice as
long• Largest volcano in the solar system: Olympus
Mons• Once had liquid water, has polar CO2 ice caps
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Outer Planets
• Gas giants or “Jovian”: Jupiter-like• Large• Low density • Lots of moons• All have ring systems• Far from the Sun
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Jupiter
• Largest planet• Banded appearance• Great red spot• Faint ring system• 4 large moons, more than 60 total• Rapid rotation (10 hours = 1 day); shortest day
of all the planets
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Saturn
• Famous for ring system• More than 55 moons• Density lower than water• Largest moon, Titan, has an atmosphere of
nitrogen and methane• Another moon, Enceladus, shows evidence of
geologic activity
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Uranus
• Discovered in 1781• Rotational axis is 98• At least 27 moons• Rings are dark and nearly
invisible• Appears blue because of
the way it reflects light
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Neptune
• Discovered 1846• 13 moons• Distinctive clouds and belts• Predicted before it was discovered• 6 rings composed of dust particles• Largest moon, Triton, orbits backwards
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Other Solar System Objects
• Dwarf planets• Asteroids• Kuiper belt objects (KBOs)• Comets (the Oort cloud)