Chapter 26, Section 1. After World War many Americans believed Americans should never again become...
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Transcript of Chapter 26, Section 1. After World War many Americans believed Americans should never again become...
After World War many Americans believed Americans should never again become involved in a war.
In the 1930’s economic hard times in Italy, Germany, and Japan helped topple democratic governmentsAmbitious rulers gained power and set
out to conquer neighboring lands
Depression Diplomacy
In the U.S. in the 1930’s people had too many economic worries to care about overseas events
As threats in Europe and Asia grew a strong isolationist mood gripped the country
Ensuring neutrality
Neutrality Acts: banned arms sales or loans to countries at warWarned not to travel on ships of
countries at war
Cooperation with Latin America
1930 president Hoover rejected the Roosevelt Corollary with the Monroe Doctrine The U.S. no longer claimed the right to
intervene in the affairs of Latin American nations
Good Neighbor Policy: FDR withdrew American troops from Nicaragua and from Haiti
Cooperation with Latin America
FDR also withdrew the Platt amendment, which had limited the independence of Cuba
As war clouds loomed FDR was eager to build strong ties with the Western Hemisphere
Fascists in Italy
By 1930 dictators had won power in Italy and Germany
Dictator: a ruler who has complete power over a countryExploit economic troubles and feelings of
nationalism to win support
Mussolini
1922 Benito Mussolini seized power in ItalyPlayed on Italian anger about the
Versailles Treaty ending WWI○ Italians felt cheated because it did not
grant Italy all the territory it wantedUsed economic unrest and fears of
communist revolution to win support for his Fascist Party
Invading Ethiopia
Mussolini used foreign conquest to distract Italians from economic hard times
Wanted to build a new Rome
Invading Ethiopia
Invaded EthiopiaEthiopian emperor Haile Selaissie called
on the League of Nations for help○ The League of Nations responded weakly
Britain and France were concentrating on their own economic problems
Memories of WWI made them unwillingly to risk another war
Rise of Nazi Germany
Like Mussolini Adolf Hitler used anger about the Versailles Treaty which blamed their country for WWI
Hitler organized a political party National Socialist German Workers’
Party or NAZIS Hitler claimed Germans belonged to a
superior “Aryan “ race
Rise of Nazi Germany
Hitler blamed Jews for Germany’s troublesGermany had not lost the war,
rather Jews and other traitors had stabbed Germany in the back
False argument but in troubles times people clung to it
Rise of Nazi Germany
Hitler was a powerful speaker and skillful leader
When the depression struck Germans to Hitler with answers to their problems
Hitler Comes to Power
1933 Hitler became chancellor or head of the German GovernmentWithin 2 years he ended
democratic government
Hitler Comes to Power Totalitarian state: a single party controls the
government and every aspect of the lives of the peopleCriticism of the government was not permittedGovernment controlled the press, schools,
and religionNazis passed laws against Jews
○ Jews were deprived of their citizenship, forbidden to use public facilities and driven out of almost every type of work
Hitler Comes to Power
As Nazi power grew attacks on Jews increasedRounded up thousands of Jews and sent
them to concentration camps, or prisonsIn time Hitler would unleash his plans to
kill all the Jews in Europe: Final Solution
Hitler Comes to Power
Germany built up its armed forces, in violation of the Versailles Treaty
Hitler claimed Germany had the right to expand East
The League of Nations condemned Hitler’s actionsHitler ignored the League and moved
ahead with his plans
A Dictator in the Soviet Union
In the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin knew Hitler hated communism and wanted to expand eastward
Stalin launched a series of five year plans to strengthen the economy His goal was to modernize Soviet
industry and farming
A Dictator in the Soviet Union Like Hitler Stalin created a totalitarian
stateUrged people to create more goodsAnyone who resisted the government
faced prison or death
A Dictator in the Soviet Union Collective farms: government owned
farms, peasants were forced to hand over their land and farm animalsWhen farmers resisted millions were
executed or sent to labor camps
A Dictator in the Soviet Union Soviet economy expanded
Steel and oil production roseMaterials needs to fight German
aggressionAggression: any warlike act by one
country against another without just cause
Military Rulers in Japan
Japan’s economy suffered in the Great DepressionTrade slowed Businesses failed
Military Rulers in Japan
Japanese grew impatient with their democratic government
Japan lacked many important resourcesCoal and oil
Military Rulers in Japan
New leaders believed Japan had the right to win an overseas empireSet out to expand in Asia
Attack on Manchuria
1931 Japanese forces seized Manchuria in northeastern ChinaWanted Manchuria because it was rich in
coal and ironSet up a state there called Manchukuo
Attack on Manchuria
China called on the League of Nations for help They condemned Japanese aggression
but did little to helpU.S. refused to recognize Manchukuo
but took no other action against Japan
War against China
1937 Japan began an all out war against ChinaJapanese planes bombed Beijing,
Shanghai, and other Chinese cities
War against China
On ground Japanese troops defeated Chinese armies and occupied northern and Central China
The Japanese attacked alarmed the U.S.It was at threat to the Philippines, which
the U.S. controlled Isolationist feelings kept the U.S. from
taking a strong stand
War in Europe
1936 Hitler moved troops in to the Rhineland near the border of France and BelgiumViolation of the Versailles Treaty
1938 Hitler annexed AustriaAnother violation of the Versailles Treaty
Aggression in Czechoslovakia
Hitler then claimed the Sudetenland, the western part of CzechoslovakiaBritain and France had signed treaties to
Czechoslovakia
Aggression in Czechoslovakia Munich Conference: Hitler invited
leaders of Britain and France to meet with himHitler assured the European leaders that
he wanted no more territory
Aggression in Czechoslovakia Appeasement: practice of giving in to
aggression in order to avoid further conflictBritain and France gave into
German claims in the Sudetenland hoping to preserve peace in Europe
Stalin and Hitler become allies
Britain tried to form an alliance with the Soviet UnionStalin rejected Britain’s offer and instead
signed a treaty with Germany in August 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact: Hitler and Stalin agreed not to attack each otherSecretly agreed to divide up Poland and
other parts of Eastern Europe
Stalin and Hitler become allies
The agreement left Hitler free to attack Poland without fear of having to fight the Soviet Union
September 1, 1939 German armies marched into Poland2 days later Britain and France declared
war on Germany