Political Cartoon Friday: March 13th 1.What is the artist saying? What flag do you see?
Chapter 26 Review and Discussion. What is this cartoon saying?
-
Upload
scarlett-tyler -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
5
Transcript of Chapter 26 Review and Discussion. What is this cartoon saying?
Chapter 26 Chapter 26
Review and DiscussionReview and Discussion
What is this cartoon saying?
Why Were They Successful?
Europeans hadEuropeans had strong economiesstrong economies well-organized governmentswell-organized governments powerful armies and navies powerful armies and navies Europeans had superior technology Europeans had superior technology
and medical knowledge. and medical knowledge.
Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism
““survival of the fittest” survival of the fittest” Social Darwinists Social Darwinists
believed believed Europeans were the Europeans were the
fittest people and had fittest people and had obligation to spread obligation to spread western culture, western culture, politics and their politics and their religionreligion
ImperialismImperialismThe Causes: The Causes: 1. Industrial Revolution 1. Industrial Revolution 2. Social Darwinism 2. Social Darwinism 3. Missionary Zeal 3. Missionary Zeal 4. Ethnocentrism 4. Ethnocentrism 5. Nationalism 5. Nationalism 6.Naval Refueling Bases6.Naval Refueling Bases
African ResistanceAfrican Resistance The Zulus in southern
Africa Built the most powerful Built the most powerful
and most feared fighters and most feared fighters in southern Africa in southern Africa
Ethiopia King Menelik II
modernized his country.
preserve its independence.
What was the nature of European contact with What was the nature of European contact with North Africa between 1800 and 1870?North Africa between 1800 and 1870?
EgyptEgypt Napoleon’s occupation causedNapoleon’s occupation caused Egypt to modernize to meet future European threats. Egypt to modernize to meet future European threats. However, over-reliance on cotton exports and too However, over-reliance on cotton exports and too
rapid expansion of industry created an Egyptian state rapid expansion of industry created an Egyptian state indebted to and partly controlled by the British. indebted to and partly controlled by the British.
Algeria Algeria was initially friendly with France and supplied was initially friendly with France and supplied
Napoleon with grain for his Egyptian invasion in 1798. Napoleon with grain for his Egyptian invasion in 1798. French failure to accede to Algerian demands for French failure to accede to Algerian demands for
repayment resulted in the French invasion in 1830 and repayment resulted in the French invasion in 1830 and the occupation of Algeria was completed by 1848.the occupation of Algeria was completed by 1848.
Reaction to the end of the Slave tradeReaction to the end of the Slave trade British and the Americans British and the Americans
were among the first to prevent their citizens from were among the first to prevent their citizens from engaging in the importation of slavesengaging in the importation of slaves
Slave revolts and humanitarian reforms led to the end Slave revolts and humanitarian reforms led to the end of the slave trade of the slave trade
Spanish and PortugalSpanish and Portugal continued the flow of Africans to the Americas. continued the flow of Africans to the Americas.
AfricaAfrica Suppression began in 1808 and continued until the Suppression began in 1808 and continued until the
trade finally ended in 1867. trade finally ended in 1867. West Africans West Africans
substituted numerous “legitimate” exports to replace substituted numerous “legitimate” exports to replace slaves, particularly palm oil (most successful export), slaves, particularly palm oil (most successful export), gold, and ivory. gold, and ivory.
Eastern slave tradeEastern slave tradeEastern slave tradeEastern slave trade
Slavery still profitable in Africa and Slavery still profitable in Africa and strengthened African states.strengthened African states.African slaves were sold through the well-African slaves were sold through the well-
established North African and Middle Eastern trade established North African and Middle Eastern trade Slavery within eastern Africa also remained Slavery within eastern Africa also remained
significant, with 700,000 slaves working on clove significant, with 700,000 slaves working on clove plantations. plantations.
Britain’s “sphere of Britain’s “sphere of influence”influence”
“Sun Never Sets on the British Empire”
Imperialism in India to 1858Imperialism in India to 1858
British East India CompanyBritish East India Company1608-18581608-1858
Control trade and government Control trade and government by forming alliances with Indian rulers or by asserting by forming alliances with Indian rulers or by asserting
direct control with military force. direct control with military force. SepoysSepoys Controlled India’s foreign trade using an Controlled India’s foreign trade using an
army of sepoys (Indians trained by the army of sepoys (Indians trained by the British soldiers) British soldiers)
Transformed the economy Transformed the economy by exporting agricultural production and decreasing by exporting agricultural production and decreasing
industrial output: industrial output: silk, cotton, sugarsilk, cotton, sugar Social changesSocial changes supported and created new customs and supported and created new customs and
“traditions,” which were meant to maintain the “traditions,” which were meant to maintain the social and political hierarchies and thus social and political hierarchies and thus consolidated British power. consolidated British power.
The Sepoy RebellionCausesThe British East India Company: required sepoys to serve anywhere, including
overseas, which violated Hindu religious law Ordered the sepoys to bite off cartridges made of
animal fat when loading their rifles, which violated both Hindu and Muslim religious law
Effects Led to a massacre of the British The British took terrible revenge, slaughtering
thousands of unarmed Indians. 1858 British Empire steps in to control situation 1858 British Empire steps in to control situation
and set up colonial government and set up colonial government
Method Used to Method Used to Put Down Sepoy Put Down Sepoy
RebellionRebellion
Medals Awarded British Soldiers
Indian Bodies Left to RotIndian Bodies Left to RotThe British BuriedThe British Buried
British Colonial RuleBritish Colonial Rule
Positives:Positives:The British government The British government
invested heavily in public invested heavily in public projectsprojects
Steamboats, telegraphs, Steamboats, telegraphs, and railroads expanded at and railroads expanded at rapid rates, and the rapid rates, and the economy boomed. economy boomed.
Negative Impact of British RuleNegative Impact of British Rule Destroyed ancient traditions Destroyed ancient traditions The elite Indian Civil Service The elite Indian Civil Service
(mostly educated British (mostly educated British administrators) controlled administrators) controlled government administration government administration and the judiciary. and the judiciary.
Little chance for social Little chance for social mobilitymobility
Indian Indian NationalismNationalism
In 1885, nationalist In 1885, nationalist leaders organized the leaders organized the Indian National Congress. Indian National Congress.
By the Indian National By the Indian National Congress was seen as Congress was seen as primarily for the Hindu of primarily for the Hindu of the noble and middle the noble and middle classes. classes. Resented by the Muslim Resented by the Muslim
and peasant groups and peasant groups It becomes very effective when It becomes very effective when Mohandas Gandhi becomes is Mohandas Gandhi becomes is leader in 1921.leader in 1921.
Why was Australia and New Zealand different from other Why was Australia and New Zealand different from other overseas empire?overseas empire?
Australia and New Zealand Australia and New Zealand intended as areas of European settlement. intended as areas of European settlement. resembled the former British colonies in North resembled the former British colonies in North
America (Exp: Displacing the indigenous America (Exp: Displacing the indigenous people) people)
allowed more political freedom and allowed more political freedom and independence than colonies in Africa or India.independence than colonies in Africa or India.
In granting Australia and New Zealand more In granting Australia and New Zealand more autonomy, Britain hoped to retain the loyalty of autonomy, Britain hoped to retain the loyalty of these settlers.these settlers.
Britain’s labor shortage Britain’s labor shortage
Need for laborNeed for labor Many emancipated workers refused to return to the plantations. Many emancipated workers refused to return to the plantations.
Indentured servantsIndentured servants Many Africans, Chinese, Indians, and Pacific Islanders were Many Africans, Chinese, Indians, and Pacific Islanders were
recruited and signed contracts ranging from five to seven yearsrecruited and signed contracts ranging from five to seven years They came in the hopes of bettering their economic and social They came in the hopes of bettering their economic and social
statusstatus Some Africans who were recruited for work on plantations had Some Africans who were recruited for work on plantations had
been rescued from slave ships been rescued from slave ships Most indentured laborers came from India Most indentured laborers came from India Crucial to the movement of such large numbers of workers was Crucial to the movement of such large numbers of workers was
the development of larger and faster ships.the development of larger and faster ships.