Chapter 23 Sawing with Stationary Power Machines.

Chapter23Sawing with Stationary Power Machines

Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

• Select stationary power saws for making straight or curved cuts.

• Discuss the proper operation of stationary power saws.

• Choose the most appropriate saw blade for a given operation.

• Maintain stationary power equipment.

Objectives


• Fundamental operation in cabinetmaking• Machines designed to cut straight-line or curved-line

cuts• Select safest appropriate saw for cut

– Choose most efficient if more than one is appropriate

• Prior instruction, experience on machine

Sawing with Stationary Power Machines


• Disconnect power when changing blades, servicing• Ensure blade is clean, sharp• Install, adjust point-of-operation guards• Support material before and after cut• Feed material into saw properly• Ensure dust collection is working

Safe and Efficient Operation


• Machine operations affected by which hand is used• Some operations may be reversed• Others should be set up one way

Handedness


• Standard operation in cabinetmaking• Blade selection critical• Machines with circular blades best option• Fences aid in guiding material for straight cut past

blade

Sawing Straight Lines


• Left- or right-tilting arbor• Circular blade extends up

through table• Blade raising device• Tilting device

Tilting-Arbor Table Saw

SawStop LLC


Tilting-Arbor Table Saw Guiding Material

• Rip fence• Miter gauge• Sliding table• Jigs, accessories

Laguna ToolsPatrick A. Molzahn


• Protect user from blade, flying debris

• Mount to table or saw-trunnion

• Splitter• Anti-kickback pawls• Overhead guard• Riving knife

Tilting-Arbor Table Saw Blade Guard

SawStop LLC

Patrick A. Molzahn


Tilting-Arbor Table Saw Setup

• Decide whether to use rip fence or miter gauge

• Set blade height• Square blade


Setting Blade Height and Squaring Blade

Patrick A. Molzahn

Chuck Davis Cabinets


• Ripping• Crosscutting• Beveling• Mitering• Resawing cutting dados

Operating the Table Saw


• Ripping– Cutting lumber along grain– Set blade height– Measure from fence to tooth set toward fence– Ensure blade guard, riving knife or splitter in place– Stock must have one flat face, one straight edge– Stand to one side of blade

Ripping Lumber on the Table Saw


Ripping Plywood on the Table Saw

• Carbide-tipped blade• Set blade• Use guard and splitter• Set fence

Patrick A. Molzahn


• Carbide-tipped blade• Set blade height• Guide material with miter

gauge• Crosscutting duplicate parts

to length– Stop with miter gauge– Stop with rip fence

Crosscutting Lumber and Plywoodon the Table Saw

Patrick A. Molzahn


• Choose blade based on smoothness of cut required• Wood veneered panels require same steps as solid

lumber• Panel saws equipped with scoring blades,

preventing tearout

Sawing Nongrain Manufactured Products


• Sawing with blade tilted• Joint making, shaping• Set saw tilt angle with tilt

scale, T-bevel, protractor, triangle

• Blade angled away from fence, miter gauge

Beveling

Patrick A. Molzahn


• Cutting angle using miter gauge

• Set blade square to table• Adjust miter gauge to

required angle• Prevent creeping

– Abrasive-covered wood auxiliary fence

Mitering

Patrick A. Molzahn


• Two or more pieces from one piece

• May require multiple passes• Keep same face against

fence• Side-mounted guard

Resawing

Chuck Davis Cabinets


• Prone to kickback• Two methods

– Zero-clearance throat plate, push stick – Position strip on offcut side of blade, stop block

positioned before blade

Ripping Narrow Strips


• Dado set• Stacked set of blades, cut grooves• Dados cut perpendicular to grain• Ploughs cut with grain

Cutting Dados, Ploughs


• Table tilts• Most operations same as

tilting-arbor– Beveling is exception

Tilting Table Saw


• Horizontal or vertical– Sliding table feeds material

into blade

• Beam saw– Cuts multiple sheets at one

time

• Scoring blades

Panel Saws

Patrick A. Molzahn

Casadei Busellato


• Used to cut stock to length• Saw blade, blade guard,

motor above table, mounted on yoke

• Sized according to blade diameters

Radial Arm Saw

Delta International Machine Corp.


• Change when dull or for different operation

• Remove guard• Secure motor• Use wrenches to hold arbor

or blade, loosen arbor nut• Install new blade

Changing Radial Arm Saw Blades


• Wide range of adjustments– Elevation crank, arm, yoke, motor

• Only yoke moves during sawing– Locked for ripping

• Monitor adjustments frequently

Radial Arm Saw Setup


• Lock arm, yoke pivot, bevel at 0

• Power off• Align blade• Back off blade, turn on• Pull saw across board, saw

back through kerf• Saw off, wait for blade to

stop completely

Radial Arm Saw Crosscutting

Patrick A. Molzahn


• Clamp stop to fence• Place workpiece against

stop, make cut• Attach stop to fence at

desired length for wide material

Crosscutting Multiple Parts

Patrick A. Molzahn


• Mitering– Rotate saw arm right or left to

proper angle

• Kerfing– Raise blade above table

• Beveling– Motor and blade assembly tilt

• Protect table

Other Radial Arm Saw Setups


• Band saws– Large radius curves, large

components

• Scroll saws– Small radii, curves

• Relief cuts– Waste breaks loose– Less chance blade will twist,

break

Sawing Curved Lines


• Continuous, thin blade travels around wheels – Blade guide– Guidepost

• Bottom wheel drives blade, top wheel can control blade tension, alignment

• Distance from blade to side frame is throat

Band Saw

Delta International Machinery Corp.


• Plan sawing sequence– Cuts, workpiece to which side

• Check setup– Adjustments, guard, locking

devices– Set up saw guard– Check blade tension

Band Saw Operation

Patrick A. Molzahn


• Cutting radius depends on blade width, set

• Relief cuts where direction changes

• Do not push workpiece against side of blade

Curved-Line Cutting on Band Saw

Patrick A. Molzahn


• Requires guide• Adjust for drift • Miter gauge for cross cuts• Cut narrow strips on band saw

Straight-Line Cutting on Band Saw


• Three sides of opening sawn• Alternatives to relief cuts

– Saw sides straight– Drill turn-around holes– Bore inside corners with radius bit

U-Shaped Cutting on Band Saw


• Table or head tilts• Set angle with scale or T-bevel• Freehand or with guides

Beveling on Band Saw


Band Sawing Multiple Parts to Size

• Stack, fasten workpieces together

• Make relief cuts• Saw along cutting line• Last two cuts should free

parts from waste• Use guide if necessary


• Use auxiliary fence or pivot block– Set given distance away from

blade

• Mark thickness on board edge

• Cut in one pass• Allow for drift• Use push block last 3

Resawing on Band Saw

Patrick A. Molzahn


• Cuts small radius curves, interior openings

• Table can tilt• Blade held by two clamps,

moves up, down• Size based on throat depth

Scroll Saw

Delta International Machinery Corp.


• Blades– Three or more teeth in contact with material

• TPI varies• Setup

– Adjust guidepost– Adjust speed

Scroll Saw Blades and Setup


Scroll Saw Operation

• Outside cut– Beveling, scroll cuts

• Interior cut– Pocket cuts– Blade threaded through hole

in workpiece

Patrick A. Molzahn


• Blade choice based on sawing operation• Inspect blade frequently • Blade performance based on tooth design, chip load

– Chip load depends on number of teeth, size of gullet, speed of blade, rate of feed

– Chip load is factor for all blade types, styles

Selecting Blades


• Blade diameter• Tooth design

– Hook angle– Cutting edge shape– Number of teeth

• Kerf width• Arbor hole size

Circular Blade Selection


• Diameter– Defines tool size

• Hook angle– Angle between tooth face

and line from tooth tip to arbor

• Cutting edge– Tooth shape or grinds

Circular Blade Selection (Cont’d)


• Number of teeth– More teeth, smoother cut– Determines performance in thin materials

• Kerf width– Larger diameter blades create larger kerfs

• Arbor hole– Larger on blades with larger diameter



• Other considerations– Gullet– Flat, hollow ground, or thin

rim blades– Expansion slots



• Loop length• Blade width• Hardness• Tooth shapes, blade set• Blade material

Band Saw Blade Selection


• Standard blades cut in one direction

• Width , TPI vary• Beveled teeth, alternate set• Standard length 5″

Scroll Saw Blade Selection


• Keep sharp, free of rust and resin, teeth intact• Inspect blades frequently for cracks, warp, missing

teeth• Clean with solvents• Carbide-tipped blades need professional sharpening

Maintaining Saw Blades


• Inspect• Clean• Adjust• Lubricate• Disconnect from power, lock out before servicing

Maintaining Power Saws


• Ensure miter gauge slot and blade parallel• Check fence alignment• Adjust using dial indicator• Lubricate handwheels• Ensure belts tracking correctly• Keep motors free of sawdust• Keep table free of rust

Table Saw Maintenance


Table Saw Maintenance


Radial Arm Saw Maintenance

• Lubricate all moving parts• Check table and fence

alignments• Level table

Patrick A. Molzahn


• Ensure proper blade tension• Adjust blade tracking• Adjust spacing between

blade and side guide, thrust bearing

• Coil blade for storage

Band Saw Maintenance

Patrick A. Molzahn


• Select proper blade guide and blade• Set proper tension• Check lubricating oil level

Scroll Saw Maintenance

Chapter 23 Sawing with Stationary Power Machines.

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Transcript of Chapter 23 Sawing with Stationary Power Machines.