The West African kingdom of Mali rose to power as the West African kingdom of Ghana declined
Chapter 2 The Rise of the Atlantic World. West Africa Mali- leading power in West African savannah...
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Transcript of Chapter 2 The Rise of the Atlantic World. West Africa Mali- leading power in West African savannah...
Chapter 2
The Rise of the Atlantic World
West Africa
• Mali- leading power in West African savannah– Muslim traders- brass, copper, cloth, spices,
manufactured good, Arabian horses– Timbuktu- best-known city
• Songhai– 1400’s split from Mali
• Morocco- defeated Songhai in 1591 and became the dominant power in the region.
West Africa con’t
• Kongo- established civilization along the Congo River, Chiefdom with hereditary rulers
• Gold Coast- Mercantilism• Tradition of extended families, some Matrilineal,
some Patrilineal. Number of children was a sign of wealth, multiple wives,
• Farming- Crop/field rotation, yams, sugar cane, bananas, okra, eggplant, cotton, grain, rice, cattle, fishing, rice.
West Africa con’t
• Religion– priests, dreams, charms, shrines,
ancestor worship, witchcraft, sculptures of deities, storytelling/oral tradition
– Islam among merchants
European Culture and Society
• Renaissance– Philosophy, science, medicine, geography– Art- Florence, Venice, Rome
• National Monarchies– France, Spain, England– Ferdinand and Isabella-1479– Population Explosion- London (55,000-200,000)– Industrial Revolution– Joint-Stock Company– Market Economy– Nuclear Families
European Culture and Society con’t
• Christianity, Judaism and Islam– Ottoman vs Med. Christians– Reconquista– Anti-Semitism and Inquisition– Protestant Reformation- Martin Luther, Sale
of Indulgences, John Calvin- Predestination– Jesuits and Council of Trent- Catholic or
Counter Reformation, Teresa Avila
European Culture and Society con’t
• England 1533-1625– Church of England- Henry VIII, Catherine,
Anne Boleyn– Edward- Calvinist– Mary I- Catholic– Elizabeth I– Puritans– Separatists vs. non-Separatists– James I
Europe and the Atlantic World
• Portugal- 1400-1500– Circumvent Med. Merchants by going around
Africa to Asia– Technology- Lateen sail, compass, astrolabe,
cartography, caravel– Prince Henry the Navigator– 1488 Bartolomeu Diaz- Cape of Good Hope– 1498 Vasco Da Gama
Europe and the Atlantic World cont
• New Slavery– African debt slavery– African captured slavery– Slaves for Gold– Spread of Islam and Christianity– Large Scale plantations– Racism fueled slavery
• Religion• Customs
Europe and the Atlantic World con’t
• To America and Beyond– Christopher Columbus– Isabella and Ferdinand competition with the
Portuguese– Treaty of Tordesillas– John Cabot from England– Vasco de Balboa and Ferdinand Magellan
Europe and the Atlantic World
con’t
• Spanish Conquistadors– Gold Rush– New Colonies- Puerto Rico, Cuba, Jamaica– Diseases– Slavery– Missionaries– Hernan Cortex- Aztecs, Moctezuma
Europe and the Atlantic World con’t
• Columbian Exchange– Small Pox– horses, chickens, cattle, sheep, pigs, grain,
coffee, sugar, vegetables, weeds, insects, rodents
– Corn, sweet potatoes, beans, tomatoes, squash, peanuts, pumpkins, vanilla, chocolate, tobacco, turkeys
– Mixing of people- mestizos
Footholds in North America
• Spain’s Northern Border– Hernando Desoto, Ponce De Leon- Florida
and New Mexico, Coronado– Alienated Natives– St. Augustine- Main purpose was to keep
France and England out– Encomiendas– Franciscan Monks
Footholds in North America cont’
• France Colonizing Canada– 1524– Verrazano- Northwest passage– Jacques Cartier unsuccessful in founding a
settlement, Montreal– French Huguenots- 1564 settlement destroyed by
Spanish– Newfoundland- fishing, beaver pelts/fur trade,
reciprocity with natives– Samuel de Champlain- New France 1608-
established allies and defeated the Mohawks/Iroquois Confederation
Footholds in North America
• England and the Atlantic World– English privateers- John Hawkins, Francis
Drake– Northwest Passage, Gold and Singe the
Spanish Kings Beard– Sir Walter Raleigh- Roanoke/Croatan/Lost
Colony- 1590– 1588 Spanish Armada
Footholds in North America
• Failure and Success in Virginia– Joint-Stock ventures- Virginia Company of Plymouth
(failed) and the Virginia Company of London– Virginia Company of London founded Jamestown on
the James River 1607• John Smith captured by natives• Pocahontas (10) • Powhatan• Reciprocity• First Anglo-Powhatan War- 1610-1614
Footholds in North America
– Pocahontas married John Rolfe– Tobacco– Headright system– Indentured Servants– 1619 Elected Assembly– Second Anglo-Powhatan War 1622-1632-
Francis Wyatt– Virginia becomes a Royal Colony because it
was bankrupt
New England Begins 1614-1625• John Smith- Explored New England and gave it it’s name
• London merchants headed by Thomas Weston sent the Mayflower with 102 people
• Half were Separatists Puritans
• Landed in Plymouth November 1620
• Signed the Mayflower Compact , first Constitution of the New World. Established the Plymouth colony for King James
• Over ½ died first winter, helped by Squanto the colony survived. They were taught to grow corn by the Natives and the harvest started the tradition of Thanksgiving
• Miles Standish chosen military leader of the colony, provided a safe haven for Puritans leaving Europe
New Netherland on the Hudson 1609-1625
• Dutch Calvinists
• Henry Hudson traded with the Native Americans, Mohawks
• Dutch traders founded New Netherland in 1614
• New Amsterdam founded 1626
• Fur Trade and Wampum trade- Sacred Shells