Chapter 2

Henry VIII (pg. 8)

• Catholic (divorce?) (Catherine/Aragon)

• Starts his own religion (Anglican, Church of England)

• Elizabeth I (city-state) (nationalism)• Spanish Armada (England #1)• Irish Tactics (prejudices brought)

Critics of Anglican Church• Too Catholic (kept Sacraments)• Puritans (broken, stay) (fix within)• Separatists (broken, leave) (can’t fix)• Seen as a threat (challenge authority)• Protestant Reformation

Too Catholic?

Motivations for English Settlement (page 9)

1. Economic Opportunity• English Monarchs (mercantilism used/exploit colonies) • New Merchant Class ($ to invest in colonial ventures)

(joint stock companies)• Middle & Lower Classes (inflation/unemployment)

(dream of a better life elsewhere)• Unemployed Farmers (enclosure movement)

(wool industry becomes very profitable)

2. Social Opportunity• Workers & Farmers (dream of upward mobility)

(hierarchy, people stayed in classes)• Some English Leaders (dumping ground/excess people)

(safety valve) (convicts, drain English resources)

3. Political Opportunity

• Divine Right (kings rule in God’s behalf) (absolute power) (people dream of political power)

• Bloody Civil War (lots of bloodshed, people want peace) (Charles I/Cavaliers vs. Puritans/Roundheads)

4. Religious Opportunity• Puritans (dream of religious liberty)

(want the persecution to stop)• Protestant Reformation (anti-Catholic Church/Pope)

(Martin Luther, John Calvin, Henry VIII)

Roanoke “Lost Colony” (pg. 9)

• Sir Walter Raleigh (Sea Dogs) (wealth)

• Finances a settlement• Delivers people &

supplies• Delayed in return• Where did they go?• CROATAN

Jamestown (pg. 11)

• London Co. (Virginia Co.) (joint-stock company)

• Gentlemen (investment, gold) (wrong men sent) (location, swamp) (disease) (John Smith, elected)

• Powhatan Confederacy (trade) (Pocahontas) (kill Smith?) (ritual, submission) (Smith hurt, goes back to England)

• Starving Winter (gold) (enslave Indians, attacked) (cannibalism) (escape?)

• Lord de la Warr (encounters group) (attacks Indians) (1st & 2nd Powhatan Wars)

Attracting Settlers to

Jamestown (pg. 12)

• Tobacco (John Rolfe) (cash crop) (poor man’s) (financial prosperity) (need more land) (labor intensive) (demand for labor)

• House of Burgesses (vote, limited) (representative, self-government) (protect English Rights)

• Headright System (pay passage) (receive 50 acres) (plantations) (Tidewater Gentry)

• Indentured Servants (slaves?) (4-7 years) (room & board) (rights) (end of term?) (clothes, tools) (homeless, frustrated) (work for wages)

Southern Colonies (pg. 13)

• Maryland (Lord Baltimore) (mirror) (refuge for Catholics) (Cecil Calvert) (feudal system) (Protestants come) (Act of Toleration) (religious freedom) (Protestant Revolt) (lose power)

• Carolinas (8 Nobles, feudal system) (nobody comes) (trade, Barbados) (Barbadians, dominate society) (Indians) (slave codes) (Charles Town) (land squatters) (separate) (North, more independent & democratic) (rice & indigo)

• Georgia (buffer vs. Spanish) (James Oglethorpe) (1st governor) (no, drinking, plantations, & slavery) ) (nobody comes) (Debtors’ Prison) (financial failure) (Royal Colony) grew slowly) (eventually, Plantations)