CHAPTER 19

An Age of Exploration and Isolation 1400-1800

Vocabulary

Bartolommeo Dias: Portuguese explorer. 1st to sail around Africa.

Prince Henry: “Henry the Navigator” Set up navigation school. Opened exploration for everyone

Vasco da Gama: 1st to sail from Europe to India (directly)

Treaty of Tordesillas: Pope Alexander IV peace between Spanish/Portuguese. Line of Demarcation split the Americas up for S/P.

Dutch East India Company: Dutch trading company that controlled trade in Asia ($$RICH$$)

Vocabulary II

Zheng He: Famous Chinese explorerDaimyo: Japanese feudal lord/nobleTokugawa Shogunate: A dynasty of

shoguns that ruled a unified Japan from 1603-1867. (Isolation)

Haiku: Japanese poetry, consisting of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables

CHAPTER 19 :1 1400-1800

An Age of Exploration and Isolation

GOD

GLORY

GOLD

Main Idea Questions

1. What Role did the Renaissance play in launching an age of exploration?

2. What was Prince Henry’s goal and who actually achieved it?

3. What European countries were competing for Asian trade during the age exploration?

Europeans Explore the East“God, Glory, and Gold”

Many Factors Encourage Exploration (3 G’s) Europeans Seek Greater Wealth

Demand for spices and other Eastern goods increased after Crusades (nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon and pepper)

Trade routes controlled by Muslim and Italian Merchants Wanted to find different way East

The Spread of Christianity Europeans wanted to spread Christian ideas and

convert non-Christians

For “God, Glory and Gold”

Technological Advances Invention of triangular

sails allowed ships to sail against the wind

Invention of astrolabe, sextant, and compass allowed sailors to accurately navigate Caravel: Sturdy Hull,

triangular sails (against the wind) astrolabe and the magnetic compass

65 Feet Long (average)Large cargo areaShallow depth

Portugal Leads the Way

The Portuguese Explore Africa Prince Henry the Navigator

founded a school to promote exploration (1419)

Wanted to find a sea route to Asia

Portuguese Sailors Reach Asia In 1487, Bartholomew Dias

becomes the 1st European to round S. Africa

In 1498, Vasco da Gama reaches India by sea, trade route opened from India to Portugal

Trading Empires in the Indian Ocean

Portugal’s Trading Empire During the early

1500’s, Portugal captures ports in India, the East Indies, and the Philippines

Portugal had trade monopoly in Asia, allowing it to become the richest European Country

Vasco da Gama

Trading in the Indian Ocean

Other Nations Drive out the Portuguese In 1521, Spanish explorer Magellan becomes the first

to round the world The Dutch captured the East Indies in 1581, formed

the Dutch East India Company

European Trading Outposts While Europeans controlled coastal ports, majority of

inland native peoples remained unaffected

Spain Also Makes Claims

Spanish attempted a direct route to Asia1492 The Portuguese believed that Columbus

reached AsiaSpain vs. Portugal over newly “claimed”

landsSpain and Portugal are both Extremely

Catholic!!! Pope Alexander VI stopped a potential war Treaty of Tordesillas

Line of Demarcation Zone

Other Nations Challenging The Portuguese

The Dutch Republic (The Netherlands) 1600: 20,000 shipsDutch East India Company

Private Company to lead colonization Exploration of the East Indies (Batavia, Java)

France and England develop their own East India Companies

Only gained access to port cities

Main Idea Questions: PG 535

1. What Role did the Renaissance play in launching an age of exploration?

2. What was Prince Henry’s goal and who actually achieved it?

3. What European countries were competing for Asian trade during the age exploration?

CHAPTER 19 :2

China Limits European Contacts

The Rise of the Ming

Hongwu drives out the Mongols in 1368 Helped restore farms,

removed Mongol traces and promoted China’s historical past!!

Returned to Confucian ideals

Tyrant who feared being revolts

Son Yonglo moved capital to Beijing and constructed the Forbidden City

The Forbidden City

Beijing

Started in 1406

14 years to construct

800 buildings with 9,000 rooms

Largest palace complex in the world

Hidden from public view

No foreigners were allowed

Home of the Royal Family

The Voyages of Zheng He

Columbus vs. Zheng He

Chinese Marco Polo40-300 ship voyages“Treasure Ship” 500ft

1.5 Football Fields27,000 crew members in

the fleet (City of Jamestown)

Distributed gives of silver and silk 16 countries wanted to trade

with Ming Dynasty7th voyage was the last

(1433)

China Under the Ming Dynasty

Ming Foreign Relations

1500s Ming Isolationism3 International Port Cities

Canton, Macao, NingboSmugglers Industry (European and Chinese)

Used Silver from South American MinesChina did not Industrialized because….

Confucian Ideas (farm life) Chinese Economy favored farms (high taxes on merchants)

Christian Missionaries Brought Christianity, science/technology ie “Clock” Matteo Ricci

Manchus Found the Qing Dynasty

Manchus (From Manchuria) establishes the Ming Dynasty

Ruled for 260 years

Expanded to Taiwan, Central Asia, Mongolia and Tibet

Kangxi ruled 60 years Peace and

prosperity Thirst for

knowledge

Ethnocentrism: Belief in the superiority of one’s own ethnic group

Chinese Exclusion

Chinese “Middle Kingdom” (Center of the Universe)

Foreigners must follow Chinese customs to trade (Dutch) Kowtow: Kneeling-head to ground 9 times (respect)

Dutch became exclusive trading partner Tea

Dutch vs. English

Dutch Respected Chinese customs

English did not respect (NO KOWTOW)

Dutch gained access/British did not!!

“…nor do we need any more of your country’s manufactures.” Qian-Long

Families and the Role of Women

No Retirement Homes In China

New increases in fertilizer allowed for more population

Chinese favored sons over daughters

Elderly parents would live with Sons

Women raised the children and tended he home

Life In Ming and Qing China

CHAPTER 19 :3

Japan Returns to Isolation

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Japan Limits Western Contacts

1467-1568 period of “Warring States”

Daimyos Take ControlTokugawa Shogunate

Unites Japan Brought all of Japan

under control in 1600-1868

Continued feudalism in Japan

Emperor and Shogun Shogun has all the

Power!!

Life In Tokugawa Japan

Three words…..Stability, Prosperity and Isolation

Farmers produced more food=more populationStructured society (Feudalism)Confucian ideals influenced society (Farmers!!)Mid 1700s shifted to urban society

Edo (old fishing village) changes to Tokyo (Million)

Culture Under The Tokugawa Shogunate

Samurai attended dramas called Noh Dramas Glorified Samurai life Tragic themes, battles,

courageHaiku: Short poetry

expressing imagesKabuki: Plays where

actors mime in elaborate costumes

Kabuki Theater

Portugal Sends Ships, Merchants and Tech.

Christian Missionaries in Japan

1543 first European contact (shipwrecked Portuguese)

Cultural Diffusion Brought Clocks,

eyeglasses, tobacco, firearms

Daimyo welcomed strangers Bought weapons Sword vs. Gun

Accepted missionaries b.c. they wanted guns

Tokugawa Ieyasu did not like Christians

1612 Banned Christianity Revolt in Southern Japan

was blamed on Christians Forcible kick/killed

Christians

Contract Between Europe and Japan

Christian Missionaries In Japan

1549 Christian Missionaries arrive

By 1600, 300,000 Japanese converts

Tokugawa Ieyasu disliked/distrusted Christians

1612 Christianity is banned

1637 Christianity is banned after a revolt

The Closed Country Policy

Loved European Trade…..Hated European ideas/ways Feared revolt

1639 “Closed Door Policy” One Port: Nagasaki

Only Dutch and Chinese allowed

Spanish/Portuguese bannedShoguns controlled

Nagasaki200 years of European

Isolation Japanese forbidden to leave Self sufficient country

The Closed Country Policy

Shoguns and Samurai feared “outsider” ideas/ideals

“Closed Door Policy” One open port: Nagasaki

Only Dutch and Chinese Merchants

Shoguns could control the single port

200 years of isolation Forbidden to leave No new ideas from abroad NO CULTURAL

DIFFUSION

Main Ideas

1. What happened during the period of “Warring States”?

2. What was the structure of society in Tokugawa Japan?

3. What were the new styles of drama, art and literature in Tokugawa Japan?

Chapter Quiz

1. What were the three main reasons for the European Exploration?

2. Name the famous Chinese explorer during the Ming Dynasty?

3. What type of foreign policy did Japan use under the Tokugawa Shogunate?