C H A P T E R 1 8

THE RISE OF INDUSTRIAL AMERICA

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• Reasons for rapid expansion

• Cheap energy

• New technology

• Low production costs

• Unskilled and semi-skilled workers

• Lowering Consumer prices

• Low wages

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• Railroad Innovations

• Cornelius Vanderbilt

• Jay Gould

• Selling Stock

• Trunk lines

• Rebates and Kickbacks

• Robber Barons

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• Regulating Railroads

• The Interstate Commerce Act

• The Interstate Commerce Commission

• Pools

• Siding with the Railroads

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• Andrew Carnegie

• Railroads and steel

• Consolidating Businesses

• The Bessemer Process

• Vertical Integration

• Horizontal Integration

• Philanthropy

• J.P. Morgan

INDUSTRIALIZATION

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• John D. Rockefeller

• Standard Oil Company

• Integration the oil industry

• The first trust

• The Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• Alexander Graham Bell (1876):

• Inventor of the telephone.

• Founder of Bell Telephone Company which eventually became known as AT&T.

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• Thomas Alva Edison: perfected the light bulb and electric generator in 1879.

• 1882: Edison’s company began providing electricity to New York City.

• 1889: several of Edison’s companies came together to form Edison General Electric Company which is known as GE today.

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• Thaddeus Lowe: invented the ice machine shortly after the Civil War.

• Gustavus Swift (1870’s): hired an engineer to develop a refrigerated rail car (reduced the risk of food poisoning.)

• Cyrus Field (1866): laid a telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean. Thaddeus

Lowe

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• The New South

• Reasons why the South lagged behind the North

• The New South Creed

• Industrial fairs

• Textile Mills

• Mill Towns

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• The increase in industrial workers

• Industrially induced diseases

• Accidents in the factories

• Health care

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• Who received the lowest paying jobs?

• French Canadians

• The Chinese

• Railroads

• Working Conditions

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• Women in the workforce

• The Gospel of Success

• Rags to Riches Stories (Horatio Alger)

• Mark Twain

• The Gilded Age

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• The National Labor Union

• The Knights of Labor

• Terrence Powderly

• Social and Economic Reforms

• The Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

• The Haymarket Square Bombing

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• The American Federation of Labor

• Samuel Gompers

• Problems for Unions

• Yellow Dog Contracts

• Injunctions

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• The Pullman Strike

• The Depression of 1893

• The American Railway Union

• Eugene Debs

• The General Managers Association

• President Grover Cleveland

• The Results of the Pullman Strike

INDUSTRIALIZATION

• Andrew Carnegie

• The Gospel Of Wealth

• William Graham Sumner

• What Social Classes Think

• Frank Ward

• Dynamic Sociology

• Edward Bellamy

• Looking Backward Edward Bellamy