Chapter 18

Plumbing Plans

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Links for Chapter 18

Introduction

Schedules and Drawings

Water and Sewage

Related Web Sites

Commercial Plumbing

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Introduction

• Industrial plumbing carries liquids and gases used to manufacture products

• Residential plumbing carries fresh water, gas, or liquid and solid waste

• Pipes are made of copper, steel, cast iron, or plastic

4

Pipe Types

• Plastic pipe – Glued and is commonly called PVC or CPVC

– For fresh water and waste

• Copper pipe– Joints are soldered

– For hot or cold water

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Pipe Types

• Steel pipe– For large water distribution and natural gas

– Fittings are threaded

• Cast iron– For solid and liquid waste as sewer pipe

– More quiet than plastic pipe

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Sizing Pipe Requirements

• Size of water supply based on:– Amount of required water

– Supply pressure

– Pipe length

– Number of stories

– Flow pressure at farthest point from source

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Energy Conservation

• Insulate hot water pipes• Run water pipes in insulated spaces and in

the interior• Locate water heater in heated space• Select low-flow showerheads• Caulk water pipes and drains at plates• Seal all wall penetrations

8

Universal Plumbing• Sinks

– Reachable from a wheelchair (about 34”)– About 6” deep– Use single-level or automatic faucets

• Water Closet– Keep 42” of clear space beside the toilet– Use elongated bowl about 15” to 19” high

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Universal Plumbing• Bathtub

– Use single-lever controls– At least 60” long with a 15” seat– Add a slip-resistant bottom and handles

• Showers– Minimum length is 60” and width is 30”– Add a slip-resistant bottom and handles

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Plumbing Schedules

• Specific information is given about the location, item, manufacturer and remarks for each fixture

• Each item must be carefully specified to avoid potentially costly errors

• Schedules should be located near plumbing plans

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Plumbing Drawings

• Use a different sheet or layer for drawings

• Fixtures can be place on floor plan drawing

• Draw plumbing lines thicker than wall lines

• Break lateral lines if they cross over others

• Sizes and specifications given as notes

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PlumbingDrawings

CWV

SDS

SW

ICW

DWS

F

G

T

M

FLANGED SCREWED BELLSPIGOT

WELDED SOLDERED

TYPES OF CONNECTIONS

GATE VALVE CHECK VALVE

TEE DOWN ELBOW DOWN

TEE UP ELBOW UP

HOT WATER RETURN

HOT WATER SUPPLY

COLD WATER SUPPLY

VENT PIPE

SOIL WASTE PIPE

90 ELBOW 45 ELBOW

LATERAL TEE

UNION

REDUCER

TEMPERED WATER

GAS LINE

SPRINKLER LINE

FIRE SERVICE

CHILLED DRINKING WATER

SOFT COLD WATER

STORM DRAIN OR SEWER

COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT

INDUSTRIALIZED COLD WATEROR IHW, HOT WATER

COUPLING

WATER METER

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Water Systems

• Water supply to the home is the main line and is 1” plastic pipe

• From main line to fixtures, 1/2” pipe is used• Place plumbing fixture above each other• Water heaters are placed on a platform and

are gas, oil, solar flat-plate collectors or electric

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WaterSystems

WH

HB

H.B.C.O.

4" C.I.

3" PVC

3/4"

1" PVC

METER

1/2"

M

NOTE: METER TO BEINSIDE IN COLDCLIMATES (CHECKWITH LOCAL CODES)

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Drainage and Venting

• Drainage system allows the solid and liquid waste to move to the sewer line

• Minimum slope of 1/4” per foot is required

• Vent system allows air to flow so gases dissipate and a vacuum is not created

• Use 3” or 4” pipe for drainage

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Isometric PlumbingDrawings

• Also called a plumbing riser diagram

• Shows a three-dimensional representation of the plumbing layout

ROOF VENT

VENT FLASHING

VENT LOOP VANITY

VENT LOOP

VENT

TO CITY SEWER

3" COPPER PIPE

WASHERSTANDPIPE

CLEANOUT

DRAIN

VENT

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Sewage Disposal

• Public sewers are located under a street• Septic systems contain a storage tank and

absorption field for dispersion of liquids• Percolation tests are used to determine if the

soil is accommodating• Sand filter systems are used if the soil is not

appropriate for a leach field

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Sewage Disposal

PLAN VIEW

SSSSSSSSS

10'

1000 GAL.SEPTIC TANK

5' MIN.

PLAN VIEW

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Commercial Plumbing• Fittings and lines must be clearly shown• Symbols are used to indicate the pipe

contents• Pipe size is given with a leader or note• Elevation of the pipe is given in feet and

inches with an abbreviation• Legends are given to show special symbols

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Plumbing CADD Symbols

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Plumbing CADD Symbols

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Related Web Sites

• American Standard - www.americanstandard.com

• Aqua Glass - www.aquaglass.com/

• B F Goodrich - www.flowguardgold.com

• Nibco - www.nibco.com