Chapter 16 Section 1
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Transcript of Chapter 16 Section 1
Forging a New Deal
Election held in November, Roosevelt didn’t take office until March 4th. Why did it take so
long? Hoover remained in
office as a “lame duck”
20th Amendment passed Changed the date of
the inauguration to January 20th.
FDR and Eleanor’s efforts What happened during
the second Bonus March?
FDR said “the only thing…”
FDR held “fireside chats”
New Deal referred to the relief, recovery, and reform programs FDR’s administration used to end the Great Depression
March – June 1933Programs were pushed through
Congress.
First step was to restore public confidence in the banks March 5, 1933 ordered
banks closed for 4 days
Congress passed the Emergency Banking Act on March 9th ▪ Inspection of banks.▪ People began putting
money back into the banks
Glass-Steagall Banking Act of 1933 passed▪ Established FDIC to
insure bank deposits
Federal Securities Act (FSA), May 1933 Required companies to provide
information about their finances if they offered stock for sale.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Regulate the stock market
Federal Reserve Board (FRB) Regulate the purchase of stock on margin
Decreased the value of U.S. currency by taking off the gold standard
Next step to help local relief agencies
Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) Sent funds to agencies Harry Hopkins was the
director FERA put federal money
into public works programs▪ Civil Works
Administration (CWA)▪ Unemployed to work
building or improving roads, parks, airports, and other facilities
▪ Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC)▪ Unmarried men
worked on maintaining forests, beaches, and parks
▪ Indian Reorganization Act (IRA)▪ Ended the sale of
Tribal lands and restored some lands to Indian owners.
National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) Set to raise industrial
prices▪ Under the NIRA the
National Recovery Administration (NRA)▪ Balance the unstable
economy though extensive planning by using industry-wide codes for fair business practices. Discuss examples of
this code. Some thought they
were too rigid▪ Public Works
Administration (PWA)▪ Most visible part of the
NIRA’s efforts Discuss examples
Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) Refinanced mortgages
National Housing Act established the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Improved housing standards and
conditions, insures mortgages, stabilizes the mortgage market
Agriculture Adjustment Administration (AAA Tried to raise farm prices through subsides▪ What are they?▪ Government financial assistance
Tennessee Valley Authority Helped farmers
and created jobs in one of the least developed regions
Roosevelt surrounded himself with advisors “Brain trust”▪ An informal group
of intellectuals who helped draft policies▪Harry Hopkins, Adolf Berle, Rexford G. Tugwell
First to appoint a women to a cabinet post. Frances Perkins▪ Secretary of Labor
Hired African Americans Mary McLeod
Bethune▪ Director of the
Division of Negro Affairs of the Youth Administration
▪ She organized the Federal Council on Negro Affairs (aka “black Cabinet”)
Strong supporting, traveled since it was hard for FDR to travel
Some of her actions caused FDR problems Discuss the
Southern Conference for Human Welfare in Birmingham, Alabama
When new programs didn’t bring significant economic improvements, critic arouse Discuss what Hoover
said Supreme Court▪ Declared NIRA
unconstitutional ▪ Struck down the tax
that funded AAA subsidies to farmers
Included more social welfare benefits, stricter controls over business, stronger support for unions and higher taxes on the rich
Works Progress Administration (WPA) Built or improved
playgrounds, schools, hospitals, and airfields, and it supported the creative work of many artists and writers
National Youth Administration Provided
education, jobs, etc for young people ages 16-25
Resettlement Administration Loaned money to
owners of small farms, tenants and sharecroppers
Farm Security Administration (FSA) Loaned $1 billion
to farmers and set up camps for migrant workers
1930’s 90% of cities had
electricity 10% of rural areas
Rural Electrification Administration (REA) Offered loans to
businesses and farmers to provide electricity
When NIRA declared unconstitutional, new legislation was passed
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) Legalized union
practices like collective bargaining and closed shops.
▪What are closed shops?
Outlawed spying and blacklisting. What is blacklisting?
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) Enforced the
Wagner Act Fair Labor Standards
Act Banned child labor
and minimum wage set
Provided financial security to people who could not support themselves
Three types of insurances (discuss each)
1.Old-age pensions and survivors’ benefits
2.Unemployment insurance3.Aid for dependent children, the
blind, and the disabled.
Alfred M. Landon vs. RooseveltFDR won by a landslide