Chapter 16 Development Psychopathology
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Transcript of Chapter 16 Development Psychopathology
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Chapter 16
Development Psychopathology
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Chapter 16: DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY
• Abnormality
– Statistical deviance
– Maladaptiveness
• Interferes with personal and social life
• Poses danger to self or others
– Personal distress
– DSM-IV diagnostic criteria (APA)
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Developmental Aspects
• Development, not disease
– A pattern of maladaption, not defects
• Social and Age Norms
• Developmental issues
– Nature/Nurture
– Risk factors
– Prediction
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
The Diathesis-Stress Model
• Interaction of genes and environment
• Example: Depression– Genetic vulnerability– Environmental trigger(s)
• Not specific stressors for specific disorders
• “Bad things have bad effects for some people some of the time”
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Autism
• Begins in infancy: more boys
• Several autistic spectrum disorders
• Impaired social interaction, communication
• Repetitive, stereotyped behaviors
• 80% retarded: savant syndrome common
• Severe cognitive impairment
• Biologically based
• Concordance: MZ=60%, DZ= 0%
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Depression
• Infancy– Somatic symptoms– Depressive-like states– Related to poor attachment– “At risk” if mother depressed– “Failure to thrive” syndrome may occur
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Childhood
• Externalizing problems– “Undercontrolled” disorders– Acting out– Aggressive, out of control
• Internalizing problems– “Overcontrolled” disorders– Inner distress, shyness– More girls
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Figure 16.3
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
• DSM-IV Criteria: some combination of– Inattention– Impulsivity– Hyperactivity– More boys; 3-5% of US kids – Comorbidity common
• Overactive behavior wanes with age
• Attentional, adjustment problems remain
• Most well adjusted in adulthood
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
ADHD-Causes and Treatment
• Neurological: low Dopamine, other NT’s– Differential processing– Underactivity in motor area
• Genetic predisposition; Environmental stress
• 70% helped by stimulants– Overprescription a problem
• Most successful if combined with behavioral treatment
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Depression
• Childhood– Somatic symptoms– Psychotherapy, medication effective– Nature/Nurture question
• Adolescence– Often related to childhood symptoms
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Adolescence
• Storm and stress– Only about 20%– Heightened vulnerability to psych disorders
• Alcohol and drugs are problems
• Eating disorders– Anorexia nervosa; more girls (3/1)– Bulemia nervosa; binge-purge– Some genetic predisposition; stress also– Psychological treatment usually successful
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Adolescent Depression and Suicide
• 35% depressed; 7% diagnosable– Cognitive symptoms– Behavioral acting out– Genetic link– Environmental triggers
• Suicide 3rd leading cause of death– Males commit 3/1; girls attempt 3/1
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Adulthood
• Rates of disorder decrease after age 18
• Depression– Elderly less vulnerable to major depression– Concern with elderly
• Depression often related to health
• 15% have some symptoms
• 1-3% diagnosable
• Difficult to diagnose– More women (2/1)
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Depression and Dementia
• Many undiagnosed and untreated
• Elderly can benefit, should NOT be excluded from treatment
• Dementia: progressive deterioration– Not normal aging
• Alzheimer’s Disease– Leading cause of dementia– Progressive and irreversible
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Causes of Cognitive Impairment
• Genetic: e.g., Alzheimer’s
• Vascular dementia - multi-infarct– Minor strokes: deficits accumulate– Related to lifestyle: diet and exercise
• Reversible dementia, about 20%
• Delerium: reversible, often drug related
• Depression: treatable
• Critical to distinguish for proper treatment
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Figure 16.6
Life-Span Human Development, Fifth Edition, Carol K. Sigelman and Elizabeth A. RiderChapter 16
Figure 16.5