Chapter 14 Personality Basic

7/28/2019 Chapter 14 Personality Basic

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Personality

Chapter 14


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What is personality?

The unique pattern of enduring thoughts,

feelings, and actions that characterize a

person

Four Main Approaches

Psychodynamic

Trait

Social-Cognitive

Humanistic


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I. Psychodynamic approach

- unconscious intrapsychic

conflicts


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Sigmund Freud

Trained as a medicaldoctor in the late1800s

Personality is like aniceberg. Partly controlled by the

unconscious

Created thepsychodynamicapproach topersonality


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Structure and development

Id

Ego

Superego


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Conflicts and defenses


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Stages in personality development

psychosexual stages

Oral Stage

Anal Stage

Phallic Stage Boys: Oedipus complex

Girls: Electra complex

Latency Period Genital Stage


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Focus on object relations

First relationships vitally important in

personality development

Shapes thoughts and feelings about later

social relationships

Theory seen in research on attachment

Contemporary

Psychodynamic Theories


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Assumptions of Trait Approach

Personality stable across time

Personality stable across situations

Different people different amount of traits


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Traits Versus Types

Traits: Quantitative differences among

people

Types: Qualitative differences between

people


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Personality theories

Allports trait theory central & secondary

traits dict terms

Cattells Sixteen Personality Factors

Costa & McCraes Big-Five Model of

Personality


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The BIG FIVE

Openness to experience artistic, curious,insightful, imaginative, original

Conscientiousness efficient, oprganized,planful, reliable, trustworthy

Extraversion active, assertive, energetic,talkative, expressive

Agreeableness appreciative, forgiving,generous, kind, trusting, warm

compassionate Neuroticism anxious, self-pitying, tense,

emotionally unstable, impulsive, touchy,vulnerable


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Biological trait theories

Eysenck introversion extraversion;

emotionality stability

Grays approach-inhibition theory

Behavioral approach systemgo system

Behavioral inhibition systemstop system

S i l iti h


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Social-cognitive approach

learning, cognitive factors, learning

situations Functional analysis behavior to getreward and avoid punishment

Bandura and reciprocal determinism

Reciprocal determinism how person

interacts with environment

Self-efficacy do you think you will be

successful based on past experience?


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Reciprocal determinism


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Humanistic approach innate

growth tendency

Things that set human beings apart fromanimals: self-awareness, creativity, planning,decision making, responsibility

We are naturally inclined towards goodness,joy, love.

Rogers self theory everyone has anactualizing tendency we give positive regard

to help self-actualizing tendency Maslows growth theory deficiency

orientation vs. growth orientation


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Where are you?


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Personality tests

objective personality tests

MMPI-2

16PF

projective personality tests

Thematic apperception test

Rorschach ink-blot test

Chapter 14 Personality Basic

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