CHAPTER 11 ROME. Etruscans Foreigners Anatolia Influence: Roads, defenses, govt. Decline...
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Transcript of CHAPTER 11 ROME. Etruscans Foreigners Anatolia Influence: Roads, defenses, govt. Decline...
CHAPTER 11ROME
Etruscans Foreigners Anatolia Influence:
Roads, defenses, govt.
Decline
FOUNDATIONS
Monarchy
Republic Senate
TRANSITION
Aristocracy v. people
Complex racial makeup Indigenous Italians Indo-Europeans Greek colonies
REPUBLIC
Rivalry with neighbors Central, southern Italy by mid-4th century B.C.E.
Causes? Extension of citizenship Growth of military
Punic Wars 146 B.C.E., Roman victory Carthage
EXPANSION
Consequences Gap betw. rich and poor
Larger estates Slaves +
EXPANSION
EXPANSION, 133 B.C.E.
Class confl ict
Julius Caesar 49 B.C.E., takes power 44 B.C.E., assassination
CRISIS
Civil War Caesar's nephew, Octavian, 31 B.C.E.
Empire “Augustus”
CRISIS
First 2 centuries of common eraRepublic to dictatorship Imperial greatness
“PAX ROMANA”
Imperial Rule Unification
Inclusion, citizenship Roman culture
EMPIRE
Augustus and His Successors Reforms
Laws supporting marriage, family
Building program
EMPIRE
Government and Expansion
Commerce regulated Grain supply Taxation
EMPIRE
FarmingMerchants laterFamilyPatriarchal society
EMPIRE
EquityRoman “pater” weakenedWomen Innocent until proven guilty
ROMAN LAW
Greek influence
Roman diff erences Rhetoric
SOCIETY
Roads Best technology
Engineering Stone arches Strength, longevity
Public works Concrete – Roman invention Baths, buildings, aqueducts
“BUILDERS”
Increases with empire war captives
SLAVERY
CULTURE
Violent, bloody fightsHumans, animalsTo deathbetting
GLADIATORS
Bath housesAll RomansClean and elaborateProcess d
Steam Warm water Hothouse – dry bath Warm pool
Cleaning, scraping, dried
Lukewarm bath Cold bath
Food, drink, sex
THERMAE
Meretrix – prostitute Mainly slaves, some Romans
Highly regulated Clothes, taxes, offi cials
Lupanar – brothel Different conditions Well organized Many involved in operations Small rooms; dark, gloomy Little privacy
PROSTITUTION
THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM AUGUSTUS TO 180 C.E.
In Roman empire, not culture Jesus of Nazareth
Reform Judaism Love, charity, humility Popular following
CHRISTIANITY
Growing popularity Why?
Paul of Tarsus Initially anti-Christian Spread Christian message
Jesus – real person
Dynamic, aggressive, equality Rich and poor
Beliefs
CHRISTIANITY
CHRISTIANITY
Christian religion Greek and Roman ideals
Imperial cult Persecution
CHRISTIANITY
Christianity Most important ritual: eucharist
Wine: centerpiece, dutyBlood of ChristMiracles Sacred vs. secular Moderation
ALCOHOL
Wine productionConvivium – Dinner partyCoarse, rowdy (compared to Greeks)Drunkenness, lewd conduct
ALCOHOL
Challenges Declining revenue Borders threatened Fewer slaves Epidemics
DECLINE
Classical Mediterranean Heritage Passed on Greek culture
+ contributions in law, architecture, empire
DECLINE