The Etruscans, Archaic Italy Vocabulary
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Transcript of The Etruscans, Archaic Italy Vocabulary
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The Etruscans, Archaic Italy
Vocabulary
• Etruscan• Terracotta• Tufa• Haruspex
• Acroteria• Cella/cellae• Tumulus• Trempe l’oeil
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Etruscan Territories
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The Etruscans, Archaic Italy
• Etruscans existed in Northern Italy (Tuscany) since as early as the 8th century BCE
• 7th-6th centuries BCE, Etruscans ruled as kings of Rome
• By the end of the 6th century BCE, the last Etruscan king was conquered by the Romans
• Highly skilled bronze artists
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Porta Augusta, Perugia, Italy, 3rd-2nd century BCE
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Typical Etruscan Temple Model, 6th century BCE
• Tuscan Doric, Acroteria, 3 Cellae, Tufa, Haruspex
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Plan of Etruscan Temple
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Roman Architectural Orders
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Apollo, From the Portonaccio Temple, Veii, 510-500 BCE
• Terracotta• Acroteria
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Underground Etruscan Tumulus (tumuli)
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Tomb of the Reliefs, Cerveteri, 3rd Century BCE
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• Trempe l’oeil
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Sarcophagus with Reclining Couple, Cerveteri, 520 BCE
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Capitoline Wolf, Rome, 500-430 BCE
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Aule Metele, Cortona,
80 BCE
•Arringatore
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Ancient Rome
Vocabulary
• Patricians• Plebians• Engaged columns• Verism• Atrium• Barrel Vault• Groin Vault
• Forum• Republic• Empire• Mosaic• Villa• Fresco• Linear Perspective• Atmospheric
Perspective
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Ancient Rome• Rome begins as a small village on the Capitoline Hill, the
largest of seven hills in Rome in the Region of Latium.• Virgil’s Aeneid tells the mythological founding of Rome by
Aeneas, a refugee from Troy and the son of Venus. • Other mythology attributes the founding of Rome to Romulus,
son of Mars, in 753 BCE.• Rome begins as a Republic in 509 BCE after the expulsion of
the last Etruscan king, Tarquinius Superbus.• Roman Republic politics is led by a Constitutional government
consisting of 2 consuls and a senate, elected from noble families.
• The Republic lasts until the rule of Augustus in about 31 BCE when it turns into an empire, to 400 CE.
• 211 BCE Roman general Marcellus attacks Syracuse in Greece.
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Rome at the Height of its Empire
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Roman, Pont du Gard, France, late 1st c BCE
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Temple of Portunus, Rome, Late 2nd century BCE
• Engaged Column
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Roman, Head of a Patrician, 75-50 BCE
• Verism• Republican
portraiture• Patrician/plebian
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Roman, Augustus of Prima Porta, 20 BCE
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Ara Pacis Augustae, Rome, 13-9 BCE
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Ara Pacis Augustae, detail, Rome, 13-9 BCE
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Mt. Vesuvius
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Forum of Pompeii79 CE
88 BCE Pompeii becomes a Roman city
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House of the Vetii, Pompeii, 62-79 CE
Atrium
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Peristyle Garden
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Fresco, Herculaneum, 2nd century BCE
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Roman, Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii, 60-50 BCE
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Gardenscape, Villa of Livia at Prima Porta, ca. late 1st c BCE
• Atmospheric Perspective
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Roman, Villa of Publius Fannius Synistor, Boscoreale, late 1st c CE
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Still Life, Herculanium, before 79 AD
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Young Woman Reading, Pompeii, before 79 AD
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Arch of Titus, Rome, 81 CE
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Arch of Titus, Detail
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Colosseum, Rome, 70-80 CE
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Column of Trajan, Rome, 113-116 CE
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Middle Aged Flavian Woman, Rome, late 1st century CE
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Pantheon, Rome, 118-128 CE
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• Pantheon-temple of all gods
• Coffered ceiling• Oculus• Rotunda
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Baths of Caracalla, Rome,
211-217 CE
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Groin Vault
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Mosaic
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Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius, Roman, 176 CE
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Four Tetrarchs, Late Roman, ca. 300 CE
• Tetrarchy: 2 Augustii (Sr.Emperor) and 2 Caesars (Jr. Emperor)=four emperors.
• One of each in the Western capital: Rome and in the Eastern capital: Byzantium
• Porphyry
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Constantine the Great, 325-326, Rome
• First Christian Emperor of the Roman Empire, Jr. Emperor in the West
• Defeats Maxentius in 313 at Battle of the Milvian Bridge to be sole ruler in the West
• Defeats Licinius in 324 to become sole ruler of the Empire
• Moves capital to Byzantium-Constantinople
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Arch of Constantine, Rome, 312-315 CE
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Roundels date 130-138 CE
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Late Roman, Audience Hall, Trier, Germany, 4th cent.
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•Nave•Apse
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Late Roman, Priestess of Bacchus, from the Diptych of the Symmachi, ca. 390-401
• 391 Pagan worship banned by Theodosius I