Chapter 10: RespirationChapter 10: Respiration

Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

Movement into and out of the organism

A. Respiration

- _________ is the life process responsible for releasing ______ from food

- Breathing brings in ____ to allow ______________________ to happen in your cells

- Respiration occurs __________ in ____ organisms: animals, plants, bacteria, etc.

- Usually involves the ________________________

1. Respiratory Surface Exchange _________________________ between the organism and the environment Must be: a) _________ to allow diffusion to occur quickly b) ________ because O2 and CO2 are dissolved in water c) in ______________________ – usually the external environment d) in contact with the ________________ to be able to carry O2

to the cellsThe larger the _________________ the more materials can beexchanged

2. Gas Exchange in LARGE Multicellular animals a) Aquatic vs. Terrestrial - O2 in water is usually less than 1% but O2 in air is 20% - O2 diffuses slower in water than in air - Air breathers must keep their respiratory surface moist

b) External vs. Internal Respiration - External respiration is the exchange of gases between the organism and the environment - Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and body cells

c) Respiratory Pigments - allow the blood to carry more O2 than just plain water - ex: _____________ = a protein pigment that carries O2 in the blood

B. Human Respiratory System 1. Organs of the Respiratory System ______ are the primary organs made of microscopic air chambers surrounded by blood vessels

a) ______________________________ - ____ – ______; stop foreign particles - _____ – _______ bacterial and small particles - ________ – ______ foreign particles; ________ air - __________ – blood _______ air- When you breathe through your mouth you don’t get these advantages

b) __________ – back of the throat - _________ – directs air to the lungs; blocks food from entering the lungsc) ___________ = _______________ - _______ = ________ – located on top of the trachea Vocal cords = cartilage bands that vibrate - Trachea is covered with __________ on the outside of the tube keeps it open but the cartilage is __________ enough to allow the trachea to expand and contract - Inside the trachea the cells are lined with ____________________d) ______________ - _____________________ the left and right lung

e) ________________ - small branches of the bronchi inside the lungsf) _______________________ - elastic air chambers located at the _____________________ - walls are ______________ _________________ - covered with ____________ ___________________

2. Breathing - Lungs do not contain muscle tissue – need help to move air - _________ = muscle that aids in breathing a) ____________ – draws air in 1) Ribs move ____________ 2) Diaphragm moves _______ 3) Volume in chest cavity ___________ 4) Pressure ______________ 5) Air moves__________

b) Exhalation – forces air out 1) Ribs move ___ and ____ 2) Diaphragm moves _____ 3) Volume in chest cavity _____ 4) Pressure ____ 5) Air move ____

c) Respiratory Center in the Brain - measures amount of CO2 in blood why not O2? - involuntary control of breathing

Breathing animation Breathing

C. Cellular Respiration

- process by which organisms release _____ from nutrient molecules

- usually ___ combines with ________ to make _________________

- ______ is the chemical molecule that cells use for energy

- H2O, and CO2 are ________________ from cellular respiration

- Cellular Respiration is an enzyme controlled reaction

Cellular Respiration Overview

Cellular Respiration Overview 2

Aerobic Cellular RespirationAerobic Cellular Respiration Anaerobic Cellular RespirationAnaerobic Cellular Respiration

_____________ ____________Normal breathing brings in O2 for cellular respiration

During ________________ humans use up O2 faster than they can bring it in Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

Produces ____________ as a waste productLactic Acid cause muscle ___________

Occurs in the ____________Cell that need more energy have more mitochondria

D. Diseases of the Human Respiratory System

a) ________________ - causes ________________, and breathing difficulties - ____________________ of the air passages - often caused by an __________ reaction

b) _________________ - lungs lose _________ – not stretchy - alveoli walls are damaged _____ ___________________ - shortness of breath, wheezing - usually caused by environmental factors

c) ______________ - infection / inflammation of bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli - swell and clog with mucus - severe coughing and breathing difficulties

d) _______________ - __________________ stops gas exchange

e) _______________ - uncontrolled growth of lung cells

f) DO NOT SMOKE - it causes and aggravates many respiratory disease some effects are irreversible - it’s your choice