The respiratory system. Respiration: The exchange of gases between an organism and its environment...
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Transcript of The respiratory system. Respiration: The exchange of gases between an organism and its environment...
![Page 1: The respiratory system. Respiration: The exchange of gases between an organism and its environment The process has two phase: - Organismic respiration.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051001/56649cf85503460f949c88e5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The respiratory system
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•Respiration: The exchange of gases between an organism and its environment•The process has two phase:
- Organismic respiration – oxygen from the environment is taken up by the animal and delivered to it’s cells, at same time carbon dioxide is excreted into the environment
- Takes place in animals - O2 taken up and CO2 excreted
- Aerobic cellular respiration – - Takes place in mitochondria- O2 is necessary for citric acid cycle
•Function- take up O2- get rid of waste CO2
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The respiratory system consists of an airway and lungs
The airway conducts air into the lungsBreath of air passes in sequence:
•Nostrils, •nasal cavities, •pharynx, •larynx, •trachea, •bronchi, •bronchioles, •and alveoli
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The upper respiratory tract• nose and paranasal
sinuses • oral cavity (also part of
the digestive system) • throat
– pharynx – larynx – trachea
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The nasal cavityFunctions:1. the air passing
– warming– cooling, wetting– dust removing by vibrissae,
short, thick hairs (cilia): mucous ciliated epithelium
– The nasal and oral cavities connect via the pharynx
2. smelling3. phonation
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The parts of nose
•Root•Tip•Wing•Nostrils•Nasal cavity
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•Nasal septum•cartilage & bone
•Nasal conchae•=turbinates•epithelial layer
The parts of nasal cavity
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Paranasal sinuses
•Ethmoidal•Sphenoidal•Frontal•MaxillaryLeads to nasal cavity
Inflammation of sinuses!
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The pharynx• pharynx (throat) continuous with larynx and
esophagus– both food and air are passed through
• the epiglottis closes over the trachea when food is swallowed to prevent choking or aspiration
• pharyngeal tonsils
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The larynxLarynx = voicebox•an organ in the neck involved in protection of the trachea and sound production•during swallowing larynx is closed by epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage=pajzsporcCricoid cartilage=gyűrűporcArytenoid cartilage=kannaporcVocal cordshangszalagok
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1= vocal cords3= epiglottis5= arytenoid cartilage7= underside of the tongue
to breathe to speak
•http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjRsa77u6OU&feature=related
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Sound• Muscles stretch the vocal cords glottis is narrow• If air is directed against vocal cords vibrate, set up sound
waves in the column of air in pharynx, nose, mouth• VOLUME:
• Greater pressure of air – loud sound• Lower pressure of air – soft sound
• PITCH/FREQUENCY• If they are pulled taut vibrate more rapidly (higher frequency)• Decreased tension lower sounds (lower frequency)
• Men: thicker, longer vocal cords
• Recognizable speech: pharynx, mouth, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses
• This source sound is altered as it travels through the vocal tract, configured differently based on the position of the tongue, lips, mouth, and pharynx.