Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’...

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Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines

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Transcript of Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’...

Page 1: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Chapter 10

Energy, Work and

Simple Machines

Page 2: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Energy

The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Page 3: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Energy of Motion:

Kinetic Energy

Page 4: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Kinetic EnergyNewton's 2nd Law

F = maEquation for an object in motion.

v12= v2

2 + 2ad

Fm = a

Page 5: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Kinetic Energy

v12= v0

2 + 2Fdm

v12 - v0

2 = 2Fdm

½m(v12 - v0

2) = Fd

Page 6: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Kinetic Energy

Fd = Work

∆K = Work

Page 7: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Kinetic Energy

½mv12 - ½m v0

2 = Fd

K = ½mv2

ΔK = Fd

Page 8: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

WorkApplying a Force

through a distance is WORK!!

Fd = Work ΔK = Work

Page 9: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

WorkWork is measured in

Joules(J).J = N•mJ = kg m2

s2

Page 10: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Example 1A 105g hockey puck is sliding across the ice. A player exerts a

4.5N force over a distance of 0.15m. How much work does the player do on the puck? What is the change in the pucks energy?

Page 11: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Example 1

Page 12: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Example 1Given: m=105g=0.105kg

F=4.5Nd=.15m

Eq: W=F dW=(4.5N)x(0.15m)

W=0.68J

Page 13: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Example 2A gardener pushes a lawn mower across a 20m lawn. He applies a 250N force to the handle. If the

handle makes a 30º with the ground, how much work is done

to make one pass across the lawn?

Page 14: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Example 2

30º

F

d

Page 15: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Exam

ple

2

x comp:Fx = Fcos30º

Given: d=20mF=250N at 30º

Fx = 250cos30º Fx = 217N

Eq: W = Fxd W = 217N X 20m W = 4340J

Page 16: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Homework 10-1Practice Problems: 1-5

Page: 227Practice Problems: 6-8

Page: 229Due: 1/27/03

Page 17: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Power – watts - W

Power is the rate at which work is done.

Power = work time

Page 18: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Power

P = W t

P = Fd t

Page 19: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Example 2A farmer lifts a 1.0kg bail of hay 2m. On a good day it takes the farmer 0.5s. How much power

does the farmer produce.

Page 20: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Exam

ple

2

Given: d = 2mm =1kgt = 0.5s

Eq: P = W t

P = mgd t

P = Fd t

Page 21: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

P = (1kg)(9.8m/s2)(2m) 0.5s

P = 39.2 W

P = mgd t

Page 22: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Machines

A machine eases the load by changing either the magnitude or the direction of a force as it transmits energy to the task.

Page 23: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Mechanical Advantage

Fr

Fe

Page 24: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Mechanical Advantage

Effort Force ( Fe ) : The force you apply

to the machine.

Resistance Force ( Fr ) :The force exerted by the machine.

Page 25: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Mechanical Advantage

Mechanical Advantage (MA) The number of times the machine

multiplies the effort force.MA = resistance force

effort force

MA = Fr Fe

Page 26: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Ideal Mechanical Advantage

dr de

Fr

Fe

Page 27: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Ideal Mechanical Advantage

Work In = Work Out

IMA = de

dr 

Page 28: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

The Lever

Fr Felr le

Page 29: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

MAlever = effort arm length

resistance arm length

MAlever = le

lr

Page 30: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Pulleys

Fixed Pulley

Movable Pulley

Page 31: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Mechanical Advantage of a Pulley: The number of ropes supporting the resistance weight.

MA = 1 MA = 2 MA = 3

Page 32: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Block and Tackle The arrangement of several pulleys.

Page 33: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Wheel and Axle

rw

ra

MA = radius of wheel radius of axle

MA = rw

ra

Page 34: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Inclined Plane

A slanted surface used to raise objects

l

h MA = l h

Page 35: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Efficiency

Efficiency = Work Out x 100% Work In

Efficiency = Fr x dr x 100% Fe x de

Page 36: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Compound Machine

MA = MA1 x MA2

1 2

Page 37: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Homework 10-3Practice Problems: 13-16

Page: 238Section Review: 1-4

Page: 238Due: 1/30/03

Page 38: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Homework 10-4Problems: 31,33,37,

40, and 41Pages: 242-245Due: 1/31/03Test: 2/4/03

Page 39: Chapter 10 Energy, Work and Simple Machines Energy The ability to produce change in itself or its’ environment.

Homework 10-5Problems: 48, 49, 50,

52, and 53Pages: 242-245

Due: 2/3/03Test: 2/4/03


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